Welfare Provision Of Community Care And Health Social Work Essay

Welf ar Provision Of Community C ar And wellness Social Work EssayThe Welfare terra firma in Britain as we know it was formed in the twentieth century besides its origins clear be traced back to mediaeval times semipublic assistance was delivered collectively, throw in the towel of the call forth more local churches ran hospitals except the word hospitals should non be down the stairsstand in to eld terms. In mediaeval times these places were communities. Were the sick, frail and elderly in wear outicular were tonicityed after. Back then Parishes in Britain had a responsibility to their unfortunate, In 1598 Elizabeth I, passed an answer for the Relief of the Poor, this is known as The Elizabethan Poor Law. It offered the little some protection, and less sturdy beggars were sent back to their parish of origin for help, all(prenominal) parish appointed overseers of the poor who were responsible for context of use up parish houses for those unable of reen magnatem ent themselves and finding forge for the unemployed. Around the time the industrial revolution came, the quick population crop and development of the towns, and the first experience of modern unemployment, on with this came increasing poor dictates, In 1833 Earl Gray Prime Minister, score up a Poor Law Commission to scrutinise the spurting of the poor Law constitution that had been put in place in Britain. In his report published in 1834, the Commission made several recommendations to Parliament. As a result, the Poor Law Amendment symbolize was passed. (The poor Act of 1598 move till 1948)This Essay will discuss the theories in kind policy, which abide public assistance provision and to what extent corroborate these theories influenced the delivery of welfare work and met the demands of a changed and changing society this essay will likewise realise the welfare provision of Community disquiet and Health.The Poor Laws were very ofttimes disliked, a great deal of t he development of mixer work in the 20th century including means tests, health care and issue insurance were designed to avoid having to rely on them and in m whatsoever change societies genial exclusion and poverty are alleviated to some distributor point by the introduction of a welfare state. The volume of industrialised and industrialising countries in the world immediately are welfare states, this means that the state plays a central role in the provision of welfare it does this through a system that offers bene views and dishs to ensure that piles basic ineluctably much(prenominal) as Income, Housing, Education and Healthcare are meet.The welfare state has a f ripe(p)en a mood(p) task of managing the risk faced by bulk, over the duration of their lives such as Job loss, old age, sickness and disabilities, the level of welfare operate and spending vary from country to country, a number of countries have a highly developed welfare systems and allocate a large residual of their national budget to them, over the years there are many theories and Political views on welfare and are often divided into right and left wing views over the welfare state and some have shaped the policies that we have in place today.The right wing is against earthly concern provision of welfare and are for residual welfare They are seen as individualist on the opposite hand the left wing is for domain provision of welfare and residual welfare and are seen as collectivist, tho this is not so straight for state of fightds as it first seems this great power besides be dependent on The positions that might be held by battalion. There is an individualistic left wing, and a collectivist right wing. some right-wingers accept the principle of institutional welfare, and many left wingers are disquieting ab stunned institutional measures, like student grants or earnings-related pensions, which favour richer bulk over poorer ones, Left-wingers however support socia l security (which enable community to sully food in the private market) rather than soup kitchens (which are more of fern than not publicly provided). The main political perspective of welfare positions are The Marxist, The Conservatism and The Liberal individualism.The MarxistMarxist core beliefs are that welfare concentrates principally on its affinityship to the exercise of power. Marxist argues that welfare has been developed through the strength of working-kinsperson resistance to exploitation they encourage argue that the state can be seen as an instrument of a complex set of systems which reflects the contradictions of the society or as a impression capitalist class or at least(prenominal) a extraneous of it.The ConservatismConservatives core beliefs lie in the importance of the social order. This is reflected in a respect for tradition, an emphasis on the importance of religion, and a nidus on the importance of inequality such as inequalities of caste or class Cons ervatives believe that Welfare is a secondary issue and the depend uponr coat for structured social relationships.,The Liberal individualismLiberalism believes that the premise that everyone is an individual, and that individuals have rights. They suspicion the state and they also believe that society is likely to regulate itself if state interference is removed. The liberalism central core belief is freedom. All freedoms are not equally important their main values and concerns are with certain peculiarly important freedoms, such as freedom, of worship, of speech, and. of assembly.The welfare state stretched further under the pre First World War, from the outset the Liberal organisations principle emerged that the state should detach the worst causes of poverty and introduced a number of policies these included Health, Housing, Education, Pensions and unemployment insurance and nominal wage boards and other measures on a strictly limited scale, these borderline standards h ad been introduced to give a basic level of assistance which was assumed no one would be allowed to fall below, the principle of a national tokenish standard of action looks very different today form how the jurisprudences and public policy was originally formulated, it was an attempt to prevent destitution and to deal with poverty. In 1911 the first guinea pig Health Insurance Act was passed, Lloyd George, Liberal premier of the Exchequer assured employers it would ease the unsettled workforce and in dramatic play would raise productivity by reducing sickness absence. World war one put a temporarily halted workers growing militancy. With the womens work force increased the factory workers produced an even greater mood for change and with the horrid suffering soldiers coming home from war blind and with out limbs other suffering from mustard gas poising, In 1917 Lloyd George, by now prime minister, warned that the Russian revolution has already inspired workers across Europe. Lloyd George Argued The working class will be expecting a really juvenile world. They will neer go back to where they were before the war. He promised a land fit for heroes, he was hoping to convince workers that life would remedy without them following their Russian cousins.In todays society we have been increasingly aware of the many diverse needs of people needing help from a partly or non finical large-minded these would include the blind, the deaf, long term sick and the handicapped, single parent families, exclusive mother, and newly arrived emigrants est. Although the principle of a national minimum standard of life is still in place it has immensely improved in equation over the last 90 years.The British political history of social policies since 1940s have been many and varied, before the 1945 elections some new social policies had already been put in place there were ternary censorious developments that took place during the second world war, the early repel towar ds the establishment of a national health service, the Beveridge advertise and the Butler education act of 1944.The Beveridge wrap up one of many efforts to plan for the forthcoming peace, it was widely acknowledged in spite of appearance Coalition Government that after the war Brittan would need to rationalise and improve its income maintenance policy the report itself was a combination of detailed proposals for a comprehensive social insurance system and significant needs for coming(prenominal) social policy.Beveridge described the road to social reconstruction after the war as involving Slaying the five giants of Want, Disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness.The report had set down, had three conditions that were necessary to the development of a satisfactory system of income maintenance. The introduction of setting up a comprehensive health and rehabilitation service, a system of family allowance and the maintenance of full time employment, at the time these go with condit ions made more political impact than the social insurance proposals.The Beveridge Report (1942) The Beveridge Report launched the introduction of the Welfare State. The core reforms includedThe Education Act 1944 provided free secondary education for all children.The Family Allowances Act 1945 provided universal benefits for families with deuce or more children.The National Health Service Act 1946 provided free and universal health care.The National Insurance Act 1946 provided unemployment and sickness benefits.The Children Act 1946 gave local authorities to set up social work for children.Beveridge social insurance proposal involved flat rate benefit payments to the unemployed, widows, pensioners and the sick. This was a fixed tally for individuals with hang onitions made for dependants with no graduation In relation to past earnings however this was to be origined by flat rate contributions from the insured, their employers and the state.HealthOn the 5 July 1948, The Natio nal Health Service started (The National Health Service Act 1946) The NHS was ground on principles unlike anything that had at peace(p) before in health care.It was a historic achievement however at that time majority of doctors were opposed to the idea, they believed that they would lose money as a result of it. Their belief was that their professional freedom would be jeopardised i.e. Doctors believed they would airiness fewer private patients and the outcome meant they would lose out financially. Added to this was a salubrious belief that the NHS would not allow patients to pick their doctor however this was not to be the case and 95% of all of the medical profession conjugated the NHS. Others countries at that time still tended to rely on insurance based schemesBefore the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS), family doctors (General Practice) charged for their service. The majority of families that were Low- remunerative asked for a GP as a last choice, often t hey had to borrow money from their families, neighbours or the pawnbroker to pay the bill. However more affluent workers paid into Friendly Societies as insurance. In some parts of Brittan, workers joined together to pay a doctor with a weekly stoppage out of their wages. The trade unions also organised clubs like this were the worker could see a GP when they were sick the trades unions realised that keeping a healthy work force was more hands on tools. Some cottage hospitals were built with workers contributions, particularly in mining areas like South Wales.However the NHS was to be financed almost 100% from central taxation.Bevan regarded this as a crucial part of the scheme that the rich should pay more than the poor for comparable benefits and tribe could be referred to any hospital, local or more distant also everyone was eligible for care, even people visiting the country or temporarily resident. Care was entirely free at the point of use. This proved to be a costly mista ke as the authorities underestimated the demand on the NHS with most people it proved to be extremely popular as it quickly found that its resources were being utilize up from NHS earliest days it seemed to be short of money the annual sums that had been set aside for eyeglasses and for treatment such as dental consonant surgery were quickly used up. The 2 million put aside to pay for free spectacles over the first nine months of the NHS went in six weeks estimates of the cost of the NHS were soon exceeded and within three years some although prescription changes and dental charges were afterward introduced a charges of one shilling (5p) and a flat rate of 1 for dental treatment. This was a small amount if you compare the price of a prescription in the United Kingdom today is 7.20 per item. The cost of NHS dental care most courses of treatment cost 16.50 or 45.60. The maximum charge for a complex course of treatment is 198. The government had estimated that the NHS would cost o ne hundred forty million a year by 1950. In fact, by 1950 the NHS was cost 358 million.Over the years the NHS went through many rough periods over finance and in the 1970s things managed to go from bad to worse, Brittan was in the gip that can exclusively described industrial unrest It was the decade of strikes, piles of rotting ice on the street and electricity shortages for thousands of people the 70s was a time when people were just trying to make ends meet in difficult scotch conditions, when industrial action hit the NHS and Financial problems also hit the service in 1978 and 1979 as oil shortages in the winter of discontent took hold. This was not help when the consultants went up in arms over the proposals to reduce the amount of private work they undertook.The 1970s started the ongoing debate on the exceed way for the NHS to evolve. With this in mind GPs introduced the first charter to encouraging the growth of primary care in the UK match local health office staff bou ndaries with the new boundaries created in local government. A new system of distributing the resources of the health service more evenly was also implemented in 1974, a few months later a Royal Commission was appointed to look into the problem.The NHS was slowly changing its mind set looking at people as customers and not as patients and turning towards private investors to help investment firm and shape the NHS however before the introduction the first wave of 57 NHS Trusts came into being in 1991and By 1995 all health care was provided by trusts. The majority of family doctors were given budgets to buy health care from NHS trusts and they could also buy health care from the private sector this scheme was called GP fund holding. Patients of GP fund holders were often able to obtain treatment more quickly than patients of non-fund holders. Becoming a NHS trusts this was the new future was to be a provider in the internal market, health organisations, independent organisations with their own management, competing with each other..Community careCommunity care as we know it today came in the 1950s and 1960s this was the result of political realism and upgrade in the understanding of kind health and the treatments now available this also includes social changes civil rights campaigns and a rise in the patients rights movement, moving away from the isolation of the genially ill in old Victorian asylums towards their re-integration into the community.The 1959 psychogenic Health Act encouraged the development of community care and abolished the annotation between psychiatric and other hospitals. This was seen as the biggest political change in genial healthcare in the history of the NHS, During the 1960s the populist act to move against the big hospital institutions Psychiatrists questioned traditional treatments for mental illness, with the introduction of new psychotropic drugs also meant patients could be more easily treated away(p) of an institution.Enoch , the former health minister was dubbed by some as the founding father of Community Care he argued that mental hospitals were effectively prisons, preventing the patients return to ruler life. Powell also belief that community care would be cheaper than hospital care the new district general hospitals contributed to the reduction in the number of beds in mental hospitals from 150,000 in the mid-1950s to 80,000 by 1975.The Mental Health Act 1983 set out the rights of people admitted to mental hospitals, the introduction of legislation would give the mentally ill more rights allowing them to appeal against committal.In 1984 Sir Roy Griffiths led a government inquiry into community care, after the murder of social worker Isabel Schwarz she had been killed by her former client. In 1998 Sir Roy Griffiths report outlined the Community Care agenda for Action was the forerunner to the Community Care Act of 1990, major legislation which sets out the basis for community care as we know it t oday.The government invested an extra 510m in mental health services in England, detent Dobson the then Health Secretary said the extra 510m for NHS mental health services over the following 3 years would add to the 180m announced for social services care of the mentally ill. This would include a revision of the controversial care in the community policy. He also told the House of Commons that mental illness was not an obscure, minority concern, but affected one in six people at any one time.The 700m will be broken down with at least 500 million being ear-marked within for targeted change in the way services are delivered, around 120 million will be spent on new and effective drug therapies and 70m will go towards training mental health nurses and psychiatrists, and other care and clinical staff.The governments drive to Modernising Mental Health Services dodging document included a new national service framework it laid out edict lines on how they can best treat people and it cle arly spell out the range of services needed for the mentally ill.The new strategy included More mental health beds, more supported accommodate and hostels, More training for health workers, Improved services for adolescents and young people Access for the mentally ill to the NHS Direct helpline Access to new mental health drugs More day centres for the mentally ill and more outreach teams and a 24-hour crisis teams.In the last five years mental health services in England is going through an unprecedented change. A Government create mentally has been launched to improve on the quality of mental health care, and improve the mental well-being of people in England the policy has implementation guides and good praxis examples.New Horizons a shared vision for mental health is a comprehensive initiative that will be delivered by ten national Government departments.New Horizons forms an alliance of, local communities and individuals and the voluntary sector and professionals, to work to wards a society that values mental well-being as much as sensible health and it outlines the benefits of unlocking the benefits of well-being in terms of physical health, educational attainment, employment and reduced crime and in turn reducing the burden of mental illness.Conclusion