Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 212

Summary - Essay ExampleAs there was progression in time, the farmers thought they were to produce a specific day away from the working days where they could be able to praise paragon and prayer take place (Phillips, 98).In the contract and agreement with God, there was need of a special place where there would be honoring the contract and special people that would be needed to get by and carry out the contract. This led to development of religion with coming up with a Sabbath day, a priest and churches.There is also a link that can be given between cave cunning and religion. In the Paleolithic cave art there is evidence of religion. There was belief by the ancestors that the design world existed deep in the dark foreboding caves. Through the caves, the ancestors believed that the supernatural world could be contacted in the caves or these were the places where they could leave the signs that were needed by the spirits (Phillips, 99).According to Jean Clottes, those that lived in the development of art period believed that there was supernatural powers that lined inside the caves and the only way of attempting to contact the spirits was loose respect and contacting the powers in the

Risk Mangement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

pretend Mangement - Research Paper ExampleMoral hazard is a situation where an insured party will tend to take hazards due to the fact that any losses that could result argon covered by the insurer. Under normal circumstances, the insured party could work to hatfulcel risks or minimize them but chooses not to due to the insurance cover that this party enjoys. On the same(p) note, moral hazard is realized when an insured party seeks to maximize the benefits offered by the cover. For instance, a person with health insurance is likely to visit a health care facility more times than he/she could in the event that the health insurance cover is not available. This same case applies in the phone line environment, where business enterprises can take more risks under the notion that any losses or cost are covered by another party.On the other hand, adverse selection is the situation where decisions are made under uncertain circumstances, which primarily entail access to asymmetric info rmation (Lam, 2003). The results realized in the process are in most cases undesired. In a buyer-seller context, the two parties could have access to incompatible information that consequently influence one or both parties to make decisions or settle at some results that they could not choose if they initially had the same information. Moral hazard and adverse selection can actually exist independently, but their application is highly intertwined.Risk-averse individuals out material body risk takers. Many people go to high extents to avoid risks, with only a significantly low figure choosing to take ultimate risks. For instance, the number of highly entrepreneurial firms in the business environment is low. This is because highly entrepreneurial firms are risk takers, and risk taking raises the chance of making losses. However, when a high-risk business activity succeeds, the profits reaped are enormous.Risk management is a fundamental practice in the organizational setting. Firms w ork their way to manage risks in order to

Discuss the image of the post-war family in realtion to parethood, Essay

Discuss the image of the post-war family in realtion to parethood, detriment and Vergangenheitsbewaltigung in timms Am Beispiel meines Bruders and Treichels Der Verlorene - Essay ExampleThe presentation of post-war society at bottom the family domain in the two novels depart be closely analysed in this essay, with regard to the family image, in order to ascertain what life was like and why family traits and painful emotions were present, as Weigel suggests above. Firstly, delinquency and shame provide be presented as a means of suffering within the family. Secondly, the effects of these emotions will provide a continuation into issues of parenthood and how ghosts from the past affect upbringing. Finally, Vergangenheitsbewltigung will be examined in relation to language and generational gaps in order to determine how the past is dealt with in each novel in order to decipher how each author depicts the family image during this period and the traumatic effects this has had on offsp ring born after the war.Traumatic experience peck be delineate within the family setting through suffering. However, it is necessary to examine what it is to suffer and the consequences of it. This can be categorised by guilt, something that, according to Clarke, isThe feeling of having broken an internalised code of conduct or morality. To experience guilt is to feel pricked by conscience at this transgression, even if the individual is not called to accounts by others.2If suffering is symptomatic of guilt within the post-war image of the family, then let us now consider the meaning of shame. Undoubtedly, guilt is implicated with the inner-feelings of the individual while shame is how the individual believes himself to be considered by others. Lynd describes this notion as follows,This definition can be clarified further by alluding to Sartre, who points out that those who are guilty feel the force of a judgemental gaze by others, thus evoking emotions of shame with regard to th eir actions.4Therefore, the two emotions merge and emphasis is used accordingly, within the two novels, in order to nuance the

Financial Reporting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Reporting - Coursework ExampleDue to this increase in performance of the financial statements of the company, the stipend per sh ar increased as well as the dividend payout proportions went up with a coverage of 2.8 times for the liberal form, which is the shareholders engage in the organization. As compared with the market ratios from IHG company, Next company shown a crop in all its financial aspects. The accounts have been presented in accordance with the IFRS 7 and 12 which requires disclosure of interest in other parties IFRS 10 which requires consolidating the sort accounts and IAS 1 to 9 which talks of all the disclosures. The disclosures of the segments are contained in IAS 14 but superseded by IFRS 8 which requires every segment to be disclosed on an individual basis (Weygandt 2012). Since the prodigious items are material in nature, the materiality concept applies and that is the reason why they are disclosed separately since they are matters which might h ave an impact on the financial statements. They are divided into continued and quit exceptional items. Ratio Analysis Liquidity Ratios This is a ratio that measures the firms ability to extend to its obligations financially. Historically these ratios have been used to measure the overall health of organizations. Their usefulness is being diluted as the modern companies Next PLC are holding fewer current assets to generate revenue. However, these ratios remain a faithful measure in this industry because the hotel industry relies on huge amounts of current assets to generate income. The meaning of these ratios is measured based on the relevant industry norms (Clatworthy 2005). current Ratio veritable Ratio = Total true Assets Total Current Liabilities Account 2013 2012 Increase/Decrease Total Current Assets 1,207.8 1,139.9 Total Current Liabilities 816.0 742.4 Current Ratio 1.48 1.53 -0.05 From the above analysis, Next PLC is a company which can forgather its short term obliga tions in both year 2013 and year 2012, however at a closer look, it shows that it has decreased its ability to meet these short term obligations in the year 2013 which is a fall back from the previous period. A save identification is that the group has imprisond a lot of its current assets and also paid more of its obligations in terms of liabilities. In further analyzing the cash position of the group in the cash flow statement, the group has covered more of its expenses on the revolving cash flows from operations, which is a healthy indication of the organizations ability to operate in the foreseeable future (Gibson 2012). Quick Ratio Quick Ratio = Cash and Equivalents - Inventory Total Current Liabilities Account 2013 2012 Total Current Assets 1,207.8 1,139.9 Inventory 331.8 371.9 Total 876 768 Total Current Liabilities 816.0 742.4 Current Ratio 1.072 1.034 This ratio is more accurate than the current ratio since it reveals how the company can meet its short term liabilities wi thout having to dispose its stock. And in this case of study, the company still remains stable and even better since the stock levels are low and that factor the company can meet its short term financial obligations with ease. In year 2013, it indicates that the company did better than year 2012 just like the previous ratio. Any ratio that is positive means that the company can meet its obligations and any figure that is negative means that th

Do violent video games lead to violent behaviour among young people Essay

Do untrained pictorial matter games lead to violent behaviour among young people - Essay ExampleOne of the reasons verbalise for this good fortune is the fact that the game Call of Duty Modern Warfargon II surpass Amazons best sellers list for the first time in 2009.Most people play video games because they are fun and challenging but research shows that for children, certain types of video games can lead to aggression and a great deal violence. This violence can be towards other children or it can evolve into other forms of violence. As an example, the game, honey oil Theft Auto has been criticized for teaching teenagers how to kill patrolmen. Studies show that the reason this happens is because teens become desensitized and find that killing the police is something natural after playing the game. Another example brings the researcher to school shootings. The shootings at Columbine mellow school in Littleton, Colorado took place because Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were pla ying a version of the game Doom. Video games puddle been blamed for a variety of crimes. As this researcher began to study this trend, there were several questions that came to mind. Do video games really create crime? If so, what happens to create this problem and What is being done about it?The books on this topic is vast because it has been the topic of several studies, some books, and many magazine and newspaper articles. Most of this literature supports the idea that video games create aggression and over time, this aggression leads to violence.Aggression can be define as any behaviour, be it physical, verbal, mental or emotional, intended to cause physical, emotional or psychological injury to another human being (Kirsh, 2006 p. 10). In our society, this definition can be seen in many television programs whether they are cartoons, other childrens programs or general television shows. As an example, programs like CSI and Dexter act to be very popular shows because people like the voyeuristic view they have of violence that these

Reflective Practice In Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Practice In Education - Essay ExampleReflective typography is the account mode of analysis of the processes outlined - it explores not only what the experience was, but considers the meaning the writer given over to it at the time and subsequently, and how this meaning is likely to influence action in the future. Thus reflective report may contribute to continued professional development in a number of ways. The process of writing reflectively may in itself be an important step in an individuals attempt to make smell of her/his practice (Coles, 2002). In this paper, three reflective writing models namely by Gibbs (1998), David Kolb, and Jenny Moon pass on be discussed. Throughout the discussion, the elements of these models, as well as their pros and cons, will be illustrated together. The pros and cons of the different models are tack together in cases where there is under the supervision and without. In each case setting, pros and cons are in the linguistic contex t for classroom sizes of one, two and many. This is applicable to the models and the best singled out for the healthcare industry. generalizing and conceptualizing at Stage 3. If this is borne out, the lesson is learned and is utilized in future situations resulting in more developed findings and so the cycle is repeated and the learning proceeds in a spiral. Thus individuals learn by retrieving what they know or have experienced, reflecting on this, linking these observations to new concepts or existing knowledge or new circumstances, before trying out the revised problem-solving technique which provides farther findings and so the spiral continues (Cameron, Coles, 1994). The model naturally unfolds its use by its direct relation to real-world problem as the actual happening at present, like an actual engineering problem which is addressed by the concrete Experience quadrant of the Kolb cycle. This helps one to identify the real experience to fend off all myths. utilize the Kolb cycle for the solution in engineering sciences is a natural choice letting one mind the real thing as they are real. In the handling of Mathematics, problem-solving relating to everyday lives will find Kolb cycle handy and concrete to adhere to.

Equity and trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

fair-mindedness and trusts - Essay ExampleIf Leonard and Nancy demonstrate to the court that they took all the necessary precautions consistent with the actions of an ordinary prudent composition when use the trust fund, then their breaches will be discharged as exemplified in Speight v impecunious (Kurt, Peter, Donald and Cecily 2011, p. 202-2012). In this lineament scenario, it is un alikely that an ordinary person with skills like those of Leonard would have managed the trust in the agency he did by proposing the selling of some shares and retain the baptistry. Section 3 (1) of the Trustee Act 2000 provides that trustee make investment decisions which he would have himself done if he was entitled absolutely to the trust assets of the trust. We could consequently say that Leonard would have made the same decisions had he been absolutely entitled to his trust assets and thus his insinuation faecal matter be considered to be reasonable. Despite this, his decision does non satisfy the set out standards like shown in the case of Cowan v Scargill where it was ascertained that any decisions made should be wholly to the benefit of the beneficiaries and not the trustees (Sameera and Jill 2009, p. 202-210) And since this not the case in the study, then we piece of tail postulate that a breach of trust is evident. As for the case of Nancy, by the virtue of being a trustee under the trust, she will be overly liable for the breaches of Leonard if it can be prove that he acted in a negligent manner. From the demonstrations in case of Re Vickey, it was ascertained that a trustee can be found liable for recklessness if it is proved he did not give much regard as whether his act or omission amounted to a breach of trust. Since Nancy omitted in her duties by not raising objections to Leonards suggestions, we can say that he is careless and hence he may be found to have breached his fiduciary duties. Additionally, just like it has been convey by Abbas and Clem ents, the trustee is personally obliged to run the trust with part of the duty being to keenly observe what other trustees are doing and raise objections if something wrong is being done (Antony 1999). Therefore, since Nancy did nothing to ensure that Leonard was exercising the instruments of trust as required, she is thus liable to a breach of trust. Consequently, as spelt out in Bahin v Hughes, there are sufficient reasons not to allow a trustee to escape liability by placing blame on another trustee or other trustees for anything that goes wrong (Bruce, Florin 2009). Nevertheless, if it can be approved that there was an exemption clause to that regard freeing her from the liability, then she shall not be in breach. Therefore, since in this case the trust instrument contains the clause, Nancy cannot be held liable for the breach of trust and should therefore not be sued. The beneficiaries are in a position to seek proprietary claim from Orlandos retention as it falls in the awar ding against a specific asset which in this case is the swimming pool. Orlando clearly still is in possession of the swimming pool and thus the beneficiary can clearly assert proprietary claim to the swimming pool. We cannot determine if Orlando had the knowledge that the money she received from her drive was from the trust, but if Orlando had the knowledge then he clearly suffers from the liability to account to trust for value of property received, and

Instructional Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instructional Approaches - Essay grammatical caseThe words selected for analysis reflect different instructional approaches and illustrate different methods and techniques used in social sciences.The article Literary Studies and Cognitive Science Toward a New Interdisciplinary by M. Th. Crane and A. Richardson discuss a new interdisciplinary approach applied to literary studies and social sciences. In this article, a special tending is given to cognitive learning approach and its application. the authors underline that building on earlier theories of learning, researchers working toward synergistic technologies perceived limitations in earlier methods. By developing theories that emphasize synthesis and integration of sets of fellowship and skills, researchers accept to address such limitations as an emphasis on components instead of integrated wholes, a closed constitution that made incorporation of new knowledge difficult, which resulted in essentially passive instruction an d labor intense practice in design and development of instruction.The authors state that the teacher provides modeling of the metacognitive strategies necessary for beginning the task, and, when problems ar encountered, assistance is provided by the teacher or group. One learning procedure reflecting this stance, complex dynamic simulations, structures cooperative group work in sharing a complex problem-solving task. This approach is based on theories most the social genesis of learning in which the learner is characterized as being motivated to seek explanations through and through exploration.The article Using Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives by C. P. Cook-Cottone analyses instructional approaches and learning theories in terms of the Narrative Process. The Healing Narrative Model is based on the unified approach. It means that one is that learning should be contextual and a process of active application of knowledge toward specific problem-solving goals. Also, the article pays a special attention to experiential (or sensorimotor) level and early relationships (or Preoperational) level. An initial authoring use in instructional design is a clarification of the learning goal for the instruction and/or curriculum. The condition of the goal(s) will help prescribe the format of the instruction. For example, if the goal is the learning of new information, there are basically possibilities. Second is the general agreement regarding the importance of modeling problem-solving strategies as well as the role of encroach or failure in providing an impetus toward new learning.The research by Harris and Pressley, M. (1991) describes bad illustrates the cognitive dodging instruction. The authors underline that in contrast to the behaviorist view of the learner as shaped by the environment, cognitivebased researchers are investigating the ways that the learner actively shapes the environment to facilitat e learning. His research indicates that the knowledge of novices is create around the literal aspects of a problem statement, whereas the experts knowledge is organized around principles and abstractions not apparent in the problem

IMC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IMC - Essay ExampleIt is not easy to mart an in existent place because of the conflicting interests that come as a result of it having many stakeholders. However, one selling approach that has been highlighted in the article is the use of brochures which create favorable images of places. Marketing approaches like media advertising and exoteric relations can also be utilized especially if the target is to maximize the impact of converse (Skinner, 2005).Marketing approaches that atomic number 18 often used for tangible products include sales promotions, general media advertising, and public relations. These approaches objective lens at making the target consumers aw ar of the products being produced by a particular company. Some of these approaches are the same as those being utilized in marketing intangible places. The aim of marketing tangible products and intangible places is also the same. In the case of tangible products, the aim of marketing is to attract customers to want the products patch in the case of intangible places the aim of marketing is to make a place in enjoin for it to be a travelers choice.When looking at benefits businesses, it is crucial to understand that they are different from businesses that produce sensible goods. When marketing, these businesses need to focus on the people who will benefit from the services, the physical evidence that can show the quality of the service being provided, and the process of delivering the services. Service businesses face the contend of differentiating their services making this hard to gain a competitive advantage. The alternative way is to differentiate themselves by means of their marketing strategies. Some approaches which can be utilizes in service businesses include sales promotion and media advertising. gross revenue promotion can be by including innovative features. Apart from what the customer expect, a secondary service feature can be added. For example, an accounting firm can offer free consultation to

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Sociology - Essay Exampleciologists tend to come up with theories that picture the society as a whole, or traditionally concentrate on private issues, just failed to analyze the individuals tie-up with the society which Mills argued as totally important.With Mills ideas, he relates how important it is for an individual to understand the greater sociological patterns that is relevant to their private situations. Many people as he said failed to understand it because of their inclination to their somebodyal family, neighbors or job which in turn makes them detain in a situation wherein they will non be able to comprehend the greater sociological reason that drove them to their present social status and private problems. He establishes the linkage between the person and the society, the phenomenal interaction that exists to both, and the importance of developing a quality of mind that can grasp business relationship and biography and the relationship that links society and an indivi dual. The highlight of his understanding, (which can non be found in other sociologist ideas) describes that the relationship of the public issues and persons private troubles are closely connected, therefore arriving to an analysis that points out congress changes to private troubles as the society wherein an individual belongs changes too.Criticisms about symbolic interactionism appeared only when quantitative approaches to sociology have been applied. However, it could not be concluded that it does not have viable notion to social structure. Evidently, this kind of approach does not violate any quantitative sociological approaches, but on the other hand is a ministrant in the broader understanding of the society. The pragmatic approach or the qualitative research method does not pie-eyed that it is removing its link to the social structure, but in the other hand it links to the social structure as the society itself produces realities that can be observed.In symbolic interact ionism perspective, Blumer said that,

Message Without Words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Message Without Words - Essay Examplenumerous researches have been carried out on the role of emotions in serveising messaging. Du Plessis (2005) links emotional adverts with construction of validatory attitudes towards an advert such as likeability, and also associates it with brand recall and erudition. According to Kamins et al (1991), consumers viewing an advert pull up stakes adopt the mood presented in it, for instance, an advert with a happy mood leave alone take into account the consumers with a happy mood while an advert with a sombre mood allow for reach them in a sombre mood. Therefore, this messages primary goals are to create brand recognition and recall and generate positive attitudes among the customers. However, this message conducts kids and teens. This is evident from the image, which portrays three kids.A marketing model must hold in and mirror the overall goals of the company. This advert will use a marketing strategy model that will elicit interest, att ention, desire and action. The advertising strategy will revolve around positioning of the products of Benetton, communication media, and the target market.The positioning aspect of the advertising strategy will rely on the positioning message that will accompany the image. This statement, You are part of the Family, will give the values held by the company on customers. This will evoke emotions among the customers. This statement gives the customer a reason to purchase the products of Benetton. Additionally, a statement giving the attributes of the products offered.

Differences between the old version of the international commercial Essay

Differences between the disused version of the internationalist commercial terms (2000)and the new ones (2011) - Essay ExampleDefining the changes which have been do between the different years and associating this with the terms regulated by the ICC, or international chamber of profession organization, can also redefine what is now expected when working with profession agreements across nations. The current changes which be being initiated are based on redefining the terms of trade, specifically to open different regions while protect businesses that are associated in different regions of the world.The purpose of this research melodic theme will be to redefine the bar of supply and demand between regions while creating a different set of terms and agreements with the new international commercial terms. It has been noted that a large variety of changes have been made between the year 2000 and 2011. These are being redefined to open the trade of import and export and to prote ct businesses with arbitration and mediation. More important, these are ever-changing the way in which different businesses associate with legalities, arbitration and mediation in various countries. By examining the redefinition of terms, the paper will be able to redefine what the terms may lead to as well as how this is changing the outlooks that are associated with business imports and exports among various countries.Import and export terms have been growing since the low gear of the Industrial Revolution, specifically because both quality and quantity can be maintained through rudimentary manufacturing agreements. To ensure that the export and import terms are met and qualified, legalities and representation of both sellers and buyers have also been noted. The first base representation was in 1936 with the development of the International Chamber of Commerce, or ICC. The main objective of the ICC was to regulate trade and to ensure that there were fair agreements which were m ade across national borders. The development of the ICC led to the Inco terms, which were rules and agreements which

Student Misconceptions in Secondary Science Dissertation

Student Misconceptions in Secondary acquirement - disquisition ExampleThis topic is significant as it connects explore to practice. The paper inter consumes 9 skill teachers from three polar high schools, and observes two of them in class while introducing a new concept. The research found that at that place exists a considerable alignment between research and practice with quite a considerable reduce of teachers employing researched recommendations to deal with student misconceptions. This is despite the fact that in comparison not many teachers have broad knowledge of research report recommendations.IntroductionWhen teachers instruct students on various concepts from a wide rank of subjects, they frequently encounter students who already have their own preconceived ideas about the theories and concepts on how things work. This is more so in acquirement subjects where children get to understand various aspects of science in their own ways earlier they are taught on such concepts. For instance some science students before being taught about the wandflower may think that the earth is the biggest planet there is and exists on its own, or they may think that the moon has its own light, or that it is the sunniness that moves around the earth rather the earth since they can see the sun move and not feel the earth tilt. Indeed research shows that when students come to class to learn they often have their own prior rich knowledge on how science works based on their own experiences, peer interactions, and also based on some science knowledge they have accomplish or the based on erroneous concepts taught by previous instructors (Yip, 1999207 Bulunuz, Jarrett, & Bulunuz, 200832-33). Such prior knowledge or preconceptions may impact positive or negatively the learning process of a student. Guzzetti (200089) in her research report supports this impact by noting that that prior conceptions has on learning experiences by noting that students who hold prior vi ews concerning a given concept do not easily give up these notions. This implies that breaking polish misconceptions held by students so as to build correct is noted as one the toughest parts in teaching method students of all ages. A mass body of knowledge in research has been dedicated in poring over various science misconceptions held by students and recommendations passed forward on how teachers can deal with such misconceptions in auberge to ensure effective knowledge transfer to the students (Bulunuz, Jarrett, & Bulunuz, 2008 Guzzetti, 2000 Yip, 1998). No known study to the author though has so distant reviewed and analysed how the use of such recommendations have been in class, or the degree to which such recommendations put down in research are adopted by secondary school teachers in dealing with misconceptions in science subjects. This research report seeks to cover this gap in knowledge and investigate by how far research meets practise by seeking to answer the resear ch question how well do science teachers use research recommendations to deal with student misconceptions in science? Literature Review Student Science Misconceptions Guest (20032) defines student misconceptions as students viewpoints that are different from the conventionally known science knowledge where such beliefs are as a result of previous experience. Others such as Bulnuz, Jarret and Bulunuz (200832) and Thompson and Logue (2006553) view student misconceptions as ideas that provide a crooked and amiss(p) way to understand about scientific concepts and which may be as a result of personal experiences, everyday language, media or even incorrect instructional material or incorrect ideas from some instructors. These misconceptions are often deep-rooted and tend to be difficult to change (Thompson and Logue, 2006 Guest, 2003 Chi, 2005).

Islam in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islam in europium - Essay ExampleThe chief among them is that Islamic law differs from the laws of inaugural world countries of Europe, and that Islam dominates lifestyle and culture of millions of Muslims in Europe (Roald, 2001, p 295- 296). Islam Family Law The Islamic family law does non support the liberal -minded European family law. In European countries family laws support step families, unmarried spouse, nuclear families, bountiful mixing of both the sexes, and above all, the equality of sexes. Conventional Islamic law holds male members of a family to be superior compargond to their female counterparts. More importance is given to them and they also hold decision making power. Also, Islam propagates the school of thought of large family with many members (BuChler, 2013, p 100). Many orthodox Muslim families in Europe placid carry by the Islamic family law which separates the rules and rights of women from men. However, in European countries like Bulgaria, modern age M uslim families argon denouncing secularism (Ghodsee, 2009, p 5). The newer generations of Muslims be more in support of multiculturalism and tolerance policies that are held by European nations. They are non much affected by the f guess that predominantly Islamic nations like Egypt has stressed CEDAW, fifteenth and 16th article denying formal equality of rules and right among men and women. In other words, Muslims in Europe are trying to redefine their identity outside the realm of Islam (BuChler, 2013, p 100). Conventions and Practices With change of perspectives and outlooks, social practices are also changing among Islamic families. As in England one can find that marriages are still held through the nikah ceremony. It is not recognized by the English court of law. With the changing of perspectives, around two-thirds of Muslim couples are marrying again to enjoy the protection of English legal systems. Also, they are renouncing pluralism of marriages as it is not recognized. T hey are retention their spectral roots on one hand and on the other adopting the newer form. This scenario can be assemble all over Europe (BuChler, 2013, p 77). Talaq, another important provision of Islamic family law is interpreted into consideration in gender- neutral divorce law and legal practice. Also, in Europe, no treat legal measures taken against polygamy as because European courts do not hold polygamy as an unlawful act (BuChler, 2013, p 100). Though from time to time social issues have been raised about use of head- masking or hijab, many Muslim women still continue to wear them as a part of their religious convention. Islam Law Council In European countries, Muslims have their own quasi- judicial institutions. These institutions are basically the shari?ah law councils which pack judgment to large sections of Muslim communities in Europe, as most Muslims in Europe do not recognize the authority and legitimacy of any other legal system. Thus they turn up to these cou ncils by and large with problems regarding family matters. The law councils have a separate code of law and adopt unconventional modes of settling disputes, develop according to legal norms of Islam. One such country is England where the unofficial yet autonomous shari?ah courts serve millions of Muslims (BuChler, 2013, p 76-77). Durham,Kirkham,& Torfs (2012, p 6) insist that from the view point of European Courts, no discrimination is made between Muslims and non- Muslim subjects, though their ways of resolving or

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 49

Art - Essay causeThe lighter to darker shades and the use of the change like blue and green evolves a vision that gives a watery impression to the eyes along with a motif, which places the piece of art close to the nature. Half twigged animals, curiously the images of the ancient and extinct animals, add an extra surrealistic vision to the painting. The popping of thrash about blue colors in between and the thin lines of white and crystal images gives a feeling that the animals are made of several(prenominal) transparent elements. The trick of the art suggests many figures, which require a minute observation for the sake of veridical comprehension. Only then preempt an observer identify the dual meaning of the images present within the figures, some(prenominal) virtually and literally (Art Heritage Program, Vance Kirkland 1904 1981 American Painter).The picture truly bears many traits, which make the attend for the picture appropriate. The tree line is evident within the pi cture it also denotes scanty vegetation as the tree has strong barks but less branches and leaves. The front lying long twigged creature that attracts the attention of the viewers at the outset resembles a human body. The other twigged creatures shit resemblance to animals like goat, vulture and firedrake maintaining similarity with fairy tale creatures. Also, a sense of diversity in ecology and nature can be traced in the picture where the leaves arising from the same bark at different twigs are different in shapes and sizes. The leaves of the tree bears different shades of green and yellow while the background of the tree bark laded with twigged creatures have a flowing water body and mountains. Both the mountain and the water body has a sky bluish tinge inherent within them but the shades of the mountain and water body, as tangible feature, is strikingly different, which has enabled them to make themselves distinctive. The land is also mountainous and resembles miniature valle y and highlands

Of Mice and Men Discuss in detail the lives of the itinerant ranch-hands in the novel Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and manpower Discuss in power point the lives of the itinerant ranch-hands in the novel EssayDiscuss in detail the lives of the itinerant ranch-hands in the novel. Why is the stargaze farm so important to the novel?Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is an emotional novel, circumscribe in the 1930s, where two fri kiboshs try to master their dream in the ferine time of the great depression in California, America. The Wall Street crash was a massive set back in American industries, practise was made very limited, so the men had to travel from employment to job, to make a living. Lennie Small and George Milton like many men during this unprofit fitted time in the American economy roam from job to job. Men like these be called itinerant. As George stated, Guys like us that work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world. This statement is true because these men n ever have a bespeak called home, because they are endlessly on the move. This also means they have no time to develop a family or friends. Real friendships are hard to come by, because most of the men that work on these ranches are secretive and try to keep their pasts private in case they reveal something that could stand them canned (sacked). centre if they cant reveal their history because of fear, they will never be able to make true friends.On the ranch George and Lennie spend most of their spare time in the bunk house. Many of the men dont socialize they adept keep themselves private, this also combines with the lack of woman company to create a lonely gentle wind on the ranch. Also the men are caught up in a never ending bout of doing a months physical labour and spending most of their earnings releasing all their frustration at whore houses. So many men come to these ranches with this idea that they will work for a twin of months, save up money and get their own little piece of defeat but end up blowing all their money on drink and prostitutes. As Crooks said, I tic kn h underds of men come by on the road an on the ranches, Hunderds of them an every damn one of ems got a little piece of land in his head. An never a God damn one of em ever gets it. From this you can see how common it was for men just like George and Lennie to depend on this dream, to give them this false hope that they world power just run away this lifestyle one day. Crooks is so mocking of this dream farm because since he has never seen a man accomplish this feat, he doubts whether a man has enough determination to ever achieve it.In addition, ranch hands that are too old get canned. This makes confect on borderline because he feels that because he is seen as useless on the ranch since of the loss of his hand, his job is becoming to a greater extent and more insecure the older he gets.On the ranch a lot of violence is shown to Crooks just because of the colour of his skin. The ranch hands also humiliate Crooks by making him sleep with the horses.George and Lennie are contr ary most ranch hands as they travel together which is most unusual among ranch workers. As George says, I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That aint no good. They dont have fun. From this you can tell that they have, unlike former(a) ranch hands, someone they can confide in. This gives them a strength that the other men do not have.It is obvious that the dream farm means a lot to George and Lennie because it gives them some hope that they might escape this endless lifestyle. Also if they lived on their own ranch they would be free to do as they transport and not listen to no one else but themselves. The farm symbolises freedom to George and Lennie, as they would be able to choose when they would like to work and who they wanted to employ, An live on the fatta the lan. Also it would be their own harvest-festival they are harvesting, not someone elses. So it would be all their own profit. This idea of freedom appeals to Crooks and Candy because both of them are ali enated on the ranch, Crooks because of the colour of his skin and Candy because of his age and disability. They see the dream farm as a chance to be equal workers.The dream farm is similar to the American Dream because the American Dream is people living by their own rules to get what they want in life. The farm is a perfect example of this because George and Lennie would live by their own rules to earn a living.Curleys married woman had her vision of the American Dream. Hers was to be a Hollywood star, to be in the movies. This, whilst being an appealing and exciting life, isnt what the dream was about. The life she wanted would not be lived by her rules, she would have had to work to deadlines and always under threat from other actresses taking her job.Unfortunately George and Lennie cannot grasp their dream because of Lennies ability to get himself into bad situations. alas for Lennie this time it proved to be fatal for him. You cant keep a job and you lose me ever job I get. J us keep me shovin all over the country all the time. An that aint the worst. You get in trouble. You do bad things and I got to get you out. Lennie, as George states has always preventing him from advancing upwards in the world, because he has always been too much of a responsibility for George who can never have faith that Lennie wont get in trouble again.

Drug Use and Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Drug Use and immorality EssayDrug Use and Delinquency Response Adolescents whitethorn try drugs just to experiment or by feeling pressured into trying the drug by other family members or friends. Drug use among adolescences may lead to misdeed for the fact that an adolescents behavior most likely started before the start of drugs or alcohol. I will give a brief explanation on reasons for delinquency and drug use commencement with reasons adolescents may start using drugs or alcohol and then describe how drug use may relate to delinquency. According to studies adolescents who experienced substance abuse gave several reasons in why they turned to drugs or alcohol such as my friends pressured me or I wanted to feel good and get high, to feature a good time with friends, or to escape from my problems (Titus, Godley White 2006, p33. ). Adolescents may also be influenced by other negative events that may be happening in the adolescents life.Research typically shows the reasons c ogitate to starting drugs or alcohol is peer-social behavior, dealing with negative conditions or feelings, or achieving a delightful state (Titus, Godley White, 2006). Studies reveal positive and negative emotions in the understanding of deviant behavior in youths. well-nigh teenagers generally use drugs for gratification however the adolescents who may become addicted say they are disquieted with past decisions or current situations (Brunelle, Cousineau, Brochu, (2005).There could be many factors in how drug use becomes related to delinquency for example by having family conflict inside the house it could lead to an adolescences delinquency such as damaging property or the start of substance abuse. Research shows adolescents with less supervision and monitoring, more family conflict, and ill-defined parent/child attachment most likely is at more risk in delinquency and drug use (Fagan, Van Horn, Antaramian Hawkins 2011).

Palliative and Hospice for End of Life Care Essay Example for Free

Palliative and Hospice for End of Life C ar EssayThe imprint of death and the process of dying are often experienced as tragedies, especially in the western culture. Thus, the medical model of care performed in our western culture intromits life-saving measures and curative treatments. However, there whitethorn be a time in a persons life when a cure may no longer be an option. That is the time when palliative or hospice care croup step in to afford the patient and the family the opportunity to maximize the remaining time spent together. This paper will equal and contrast palliative care with the hospice model.In addition, end-of-life care related to physical well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being, and spiritual well-being will be addressed based on my experience as a savant nurse with Hospice of San Joaquin. Finally, the views of end-of-life care will be discussed as it relates to the hospice model. Palliative care and hospice care share a common thread. They are both models of care that take a holistic and individualized approach to expect and alleviate the symptoms and suffering that arise from chronic and terminal disorderes (Witt Sherman, D. , Cheon, J. , 2012).They both encompass the patient and family as the subject matter of care and provide comprehensive assessments and comfort measures to patients with terminal illnesses. The care continues past the death of the patient and can continue into the bereavement period for family. Hospice will continue to support the bereaved family up to one social class past the death of the patient (Hospice of San Joaquin, 2010). both(prenominal) models utilize an interdisciplinary approach to care with team members that include physicians, nurses, social workers, spiritual members, massage therapists, and home health aids and others.Palliative care can be utilized during any time during the course of an illness and disease process. The cost of cure can be extensive and both palliative and hospice care limit medical interventions that can significantly increase health care costs. Data substantiating modify quality of life for the patient and the families as well as improved coordination of care have been identified as valuable outcomes in both palliative and hospice care (Hospice of San Joaquin, 2010).Both models allow for services to be provided in the home, in extended care facilities, hospitals, and community home-based programs and outpatient clinics (Witt Sherman, D. , Cheon, J. , 2012). The differences between the programs are centered on the time the care is available. Palliative care is available during any point of the illness from time of diagnosis through the bereavement period for families. In addition, palliative care may be offered while life-prolonging treatments are being administered (Witt Sherman, D. Cheon, J. , 2012).Hospice care is available during the end of life and typically, but not always, takes come on the last six months of the pati ents life. If the dying process exceeds six months, hospice care can be suspended and restarted when the patients life expectancy falls below six months (Hospice of San Joaquin, 2010). Hospice care may be offered in all settings previously mentioned, as well as hospice units and residential hospices (Witt Sherman, D. , Cheon, J. , 2012).

Macbeth Critical Approach Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Critical Approach EssayThe tragic story of Macbeth is a tommyrot of a man, who spirals into a deep, dark, depressing life attempting to escape his unhappy, mundane, unsatisfied existence. All of this would not be manageable without the assistance of three wicked witches. These witches serve as a catalyst for the evil brought out of Macbeth, which becomes amplified by his profess heinous actions.While Macbeth is cold hearted and dark minded his intentions were not awakened till he encountered the witches who changed his coarse of history. Stay, you imperfect speakers. Tell me more. By Sinels death I k directly I am Thane of Glamis but how of Cawdor? After the witches tell him he is destined to be king, Macbeth becomes interested. He fell for evils trap and now hopelessly tumbles down the rabbit hole.Macbeth knows what he is destined to be but Duncan stands in his way. This leads Macbeth to the first whole step of his corruption, through his sinister thoughts he realiz es he is descending into darkness. Stars, hide your fires Let not light come across my black and deep desires Fearing he will be discovered for his true self, he pleas to the stars so that they whitethorn dim their lights. This fear is what drives him further into madness and deeper into his own despair.Macbeth has destroyed everything that has mattered to him, his best friend, his king, his wife, and his relationship with his people. He has ruined so much that it becomes clear to him that he was much happier in his previous status. For mine own good, in all causes shall give way. I am in blood steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as the tedious as go oer By comparing his own actions to a river of blood he hints to the fact that once a man kills for his own single benefit, there is no going back. He has gone too far and would be just about impossible to undo what has been done and seems too tough to live with.

The New World Essay Example for Free

The reinvigorated piece EssayThat thought of a distant enlightenment on earth shaped the way Europeans came to think of the States after capital of Ohio and his successors report their discoveries. For example, the hobby mythic cut backs may have served as inspirations for the alluring idea of the States as a guide of joy, ease, wealthiness, and regeneration a. the Garden of the Hesperides of Greek myth b. the Elysian Fields draw by the poet Homer c. the Islands of the Blessed, described by Hesiod, Horace, and Pindar d. Atlantis, described by Plato in the Timaeus and the Critias e. the Garden of Eden f. the Fortunate Isles, described in the pilot of St. Brendan (ninth century) g. the enchanted gardens of Renaissance literature capital of Ohios discovery of America has been described as maybe the most important event recorded in secular history. On the other hand, it has been pointed out that had Columbus not discover America, it would soon have been discovered by n a rchaeozoic other explorer. Edmundo OGorman, in The Invention of America (1961), asserted that America was not discovered precisely was invented by Europeans in the sixteenth and following centuries.The contrary idea of America as a place of degenerated plants, animals, and humans was also held by Europeans pine in advance it was set forth by the French raw(a)ist Buffon (17071788) in the early volumes of his instinctive History (17491804). Thomas Jefferson made effective reply in his point outs on the State of Virginia (1785), but remnants of the idea continued to persist in the European popular mind. Modern readers ar often surprised to attend of Columbuss never-ending insistence, even in the face of contrary evidence, that he had reached the chute of Asia, not a new continent.That misguided certainty was in full-size part caused by his faith in faulty calculations provideing the earths circumference to be about 18,000 rather than 25,000 miles. The ancient geographer Er atosthenes metric the circumference of the earth with nearly perfect accuracy in the third century BCE. But Columbus, as did the best navigators of his time, relied on charts based on measurements made by the second-century-CE astronomer Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). The calculation of the earths circumference presented in Ptolemys Guide to Geography ( publish, in Latin, in 1409) was off by more than 25 percent.Had the calculation been accurate, Columbus would have been correct in assuming that after sailing western for 33 days, he had indeed reached the Orient. Columbuss writing style is sp atomic physique 18 and unornamented. In contrast, the letter (the first published in 1504) of Amerigo Vespucci, reporting his voyages to the virgin World from 1497 to 1504 (he claimed four,historians credit him with two), were filled with vivid and titillating details describing the new land and its inhabitants. As a result, Vespuccis reports received giganticer attention passim Europe than the reports (as distinct from the discovery itself) of Columbus.Because of Vespuccis renown and because of his real accomplishments, the German geographer Martin Waldseemuller, in making his potent map of the new continent (1507), applied the name America to South America. Eventually, th vulgar popular usage, America came to be used for the North America as well. Vespuccis voyage of 15011502 (under the flag of Portugal) along the coast of South America was the first extended exploration of the coast of the impertinent World and the first to show clearly that the new lands were not a part of Asia but a new continent.That discovery is verbalize by Vespuccis partisans to justify naming the new continent America. Nevertheless, Vespucci has been vilified as a braggart and a windbag. Doubt has been cast on his accomplishments, although in recent decades they have in part been verified and shown to be substantial. Columbuss first letter was printed and published in nine versions in 1493, and by 1500 it had appeared in nearly twenty editions. stock-still his reports did not inspire the immediate outpouring of writing, personal and public, on the innovative World that might be expected.Indeed, from the last decades of the fifteenth century to the beginning decades of the ordinal century, four multiplication as many books were devoted to the Turks and Asia as to America, and the proportion of books on Asia actually increased in the concluding decade of that period (J. H. Elliot, The Old World and the New 1992 12). When Columbus died in Vallodolid, Spain, in 1506, his death went hot in the city chronicle. His fall to obscurity was in part caused by the fact that he was commanding and irascible, creating many enemies.In addition,the stories of his failures and his greed as a colonial administrator diminished him in the eye of his contemporaries, further discouraging the celebration of his name in poems, romances, dramas, and histories. Columbus had failed to produce the expected supply of riches. He had failed to provide his voyages with effective chroniclers who could glorify his achievements, and he had no ability to effectively glorify himself in his pen reports. Nor was he associated with a singular dramatic achievementsuch as the oppression of the Aztec empire that raised Cortes to the stature of an epic hero.In the sixth century BC the Greek mathematician Pythagoras declared that the earth is a sphere. By the fifteenth century AD that fact was believed by the vast majority of educated Europeans. Yet a longstanding myth holds that Columbus was almost alone in believing that the earth is a sphere and for that belief suffered the ridicule of his learned contemporaries. The myth survives today, preserved in popular histories, tales, and even in popular song lyrics that proclaim They all laughed at Christopher Columbus /When he said the world was round.In reporting that he was the first to see a light in the distance, on the night of October 11, in the first place the actual sighting of land on October 12, Columbus appears to claim that he was the first to see the Indies. Note also Columbuss solicitation of support for further exploration, his offering, if their highnesses will render very fragile assistance, to provide gold, spice, cotton, mastic, aloe-wood, and slaves, as many as they shall order to be shipped.The explorers and conquerors of the New World in large measure based their confessions (stated or implied) for conquest on a.the cultural superiority of the conquerors b. the physical and mental low quality of the conquered c. the maladroitness of the Ameri thrones culture and practiced development d. the obligation and the ability of the intruders to make emend use of the land and its resources e. the duty to bring Christianity to the heathen. Columbus does not use all such justifications. Note his report that the Indians are of a very acute intelligence. Modern critics of Columbus assert that his treatment of the Indians showed a disregard for their natural dears.But the popular idea that individuals have natural rights (much less unalienable natural rights) did not originate for several centuries. Columbus took possession of the newly discovered land by proclamation made and with empurpled standard unfurled. His act was not a dramatic gesture meant to awe the natives but a buckram step (compare the flag planting by the American astronauts on the moon in 1969) to establish, according to the outside(a) law of the day, that the lands and their inhabitants were now the possessions of Spain and subject to Spanish authority.Having taken formal and legal possession of the land and its inhabitants for Spain, Columbus assumed that he, as a royal official, was thusly justified in capturing six Indians and returning them as exhibits to the Spanish king and queen, just as a royal official could order the lives of men and women in Spain itself. Because he believed that he had landed in the Indies, Columbus used the word Indians to describe the people he saw. In recent years the word has been attacked as inaccurate and demeaning, although Columbus did not intend it to be so.The substitute Native American has been advanced, and is the most widely preferred term. The term Siberian American has been offered in its place as a more accurate term, but it is seen as derisive by some and remains unpopular. Columbus reported of the Indians, With 50 European men all of them could be held in subjection and can be made to do whatever one might wish. Columbus was wrong. The attempt to coerce and subject the men and women of the New World eventually failed.Yet the alluring idea of forcing native inhabitants to consort for their conquerors long endured. For instance, rear end Smith reports of North American native inhabitants that they could be brought all in subjection and work by forty or thirty Englishmen. Discovery narratives traditionally report on the techni cal backwardness of the people of the discovered lands. In Columbuss age the lack of technical development and the absence seizure of metals such as iron and steel were taken as signs of primitive inferiority.In after ages, curiously after the rise of the idea of the Noble Savage, a lack of technical achievement was taken as a sign of virtuous simplicity, of a life free of the dominance of the machine and the technological horrors that adopt it. Columbus describes the technical ignorance of the inhabitants and their unfamiliarity with metal-edged weapons I showed them swords and they took them by the edge and through ignorance cut themselves. Compare John Smiths report of the Indians fear of gunpowder and firearms their amazement at the movements of a compass needle.The technical ignorance of a reportedly benighted people has often been and is still used to justify their subjugation and colony by a technically superior culture that asserts its right to conquer, usually because i t can make better use of the land. In addition, there was recourse to the religious justification for colonizationthe argument that Christians have the right and the duty to lead (by force if necessary) those living in spiritual darkness into the light of religious true statement and to the blessings of heaven.The religious justification is offered as a benefit to the pagans themselves. The technological argument is not. Rather its end is the berried exploitation of the land and its natural resources for the annexrs. But even the technological argument for exploiting the land has its biblical justification in the declarations that the land exists for the benefit of man, who therefore has an obligation to exploit and subdue it (Genesis 128). That Columbus was a sincere believer in Christianity is not in doubt.His devout faith is evident inthe names he gave the first islands he encountered in the New World San Salvador and Isla de Santa Maria de Concepcion. Yet his religious agen ts for colonizing the lands he discovered have sometimes been dismissed as a disguise for his true motives greed for gold and rely to extract riches from the land. The desire for religious conversions and for gold is evident in almost all the early narratives of New World discovery. Columbus hoped to bring Christianity to the heathen by establishing the religion of Spain in the new lands.He had no desire to promote religious liberty and would have strongly resisted the idea. John Smith withal believed that the English lands in North America should be colonized under the protection of an established performthe Church of England. It is worthwhile to compare the views of Columbus and Smith to the views of the Pilgrims and the Puritans who wished to escape what they believed to be an oppressive established churchthough they themselves then demonstrated an oppressive narrowness with respect to departures from the confines of their views.Notice the appearance in Columbuss reports of t hemes later apparent in American literature a. America as a land suited to Christian evangelism and the ultimate coming of the church triumphant b. America as a paradise of exotic landscape and people and of simple and innocent life c. America as a place for economic, political, and spiritual opportunity and personal fulfillment. THOMAS HARIOT Thomas Hariot was among the first British explorers to arrive in the New World. Unlike Columbus, he was at least as much a scientist as an explorer.He was particularly interested in astronomy, optics, and the study of mathematics. Hariots A Briefe and True Report of the Newfound grunge of Virginia gives perspectives on the New World that differ from Columbuss in accordance with his intellectual interests, as well as his nationality and the part of the world (Virginia, as opposed to the West Indies) that he visited. The third, and final, part of his report, presented in the anthology, offers another view of the inhabitants of the newly discove red land. JOHN SMITHJohn Smith has been described as the author of the first English book written in America (for his A True likeness of Occurrences and Accidents in Virginia 1608), and his work is seen as a forerunner of a native, American literature. Smiths accounts are also an early example of New World writing that emphasizes human qualities commonly thought to be typically American. Note his references to a. Practicality b. Boastfulness c. dislike of showy elegance d. desire to exploit the surroundings.Smiths description of New England combines two images of the New World that were current in Europe in the seventeenth century a.the image of America as a paradise, a voluptuous land of easy riches b. the image of America as a land that would reward those showing the Protestant virtues of enterprise and willingness to work hard. The first image draws upon ancient myths that describe gardens of ease, joy, and eternal life. The second derives from the ideals of the capitalist mid dle home that move to power with the end of feudalism in Europe. A third image, of America as a New Jerusalem, as a place for religious salvation, is not evident in Smiths writings. contemplate the rise to prominence of that third image after 1630 and the coming of the Puritans to Massachusetts Bay. Note how Smith writes of the visible, actual worlddescribing plants, animals, and menrather than the immaterial, speculative world of philosophy and theology. Smith assumed that the New World is for mans exploitation, for his physical enjoyment, and for his earthly fulfillmentan assumption at odds with the Puritans view of the New World as a place of spiritual testing and of preparation for a fulfillment to be achieved only in heaven.Smith is often contrasted to the Puritans (and the Pilgrims), but there are these similarities a. both saw America as a place where individual men and women could escape from Old-World restraints and traditions. b. Both celebrated the chess opening of co mmunal, as well as individual regeneration in the lands claimed by England in the New World. c. Both condemned luxury and emphasized the virtues of hard work, abstinence, and enterprise. d. And both saw a life of ease and luxury as a sign of decay that portends inevitable destruction.Smith made no mention of religious immunity as a reason for colonizing. His own motives for colonizing (and what he believed to be the prime motives of others) were secular and materialistic For I am not so simple as to think that ever any other motive than wealth will ever erect there a commonwealth. General History and his Description of New England are propaganda for colonization as much as they are descriptions of the New World. That is evident in the number and the variety of advantages he cites for colonization a. profits for investorssatisfaction of the adventurers.Markets for English manufacturersa letter survives, written by Smith to the London Society of Cordwainers (shoemakers) to point out that the Cordwainers, in their own self-interest, should support the dependency of Virginia because the rough land and the shell-strewn beaches of the New World were certain to wear out many shoes c. glory for the colonizers and their sovereigneternizing of the memory d. abundant raw materials, especially timber and naval stores.Some of the essentials for colonizing success set forth by Smith in A Description of New England (provided always that first there be ) a. potent local government b. housing c. means of self-defense d. adequate provisions e. trained craftsmen many an(prenominal) reasons have been offered to explain why the Jamestown colonists failed to exert themselves sufficiently in establishing their colony a. that too many of the colonists were neer-do-wells and gentlemen who were unused to hard work b. that the colonists were weakened by hunger and disease c. that the communal basis of the settlement discouraged individual enterprise.That many of the early colonizin g reports, especially those written by the Spanish colonizers, encouraged the expected value that riches would be quickly found and profits quickly earned, that the naturals could be forced to supply the colonists with food, and that therefore diligent labor was unnecessary e. that the colonists expected their needs to be met by their London backers Note that none of the above explanations suggests that the English colonists, lacking government support such as the Spanish enjoyed, failed because their attempt to colonize Virginia at that time and place was simply beyond their abilities.Smith attributed the difficulties at Jamestown to dissension, weak government, lack of organization, and mistaken attempts by a central governing body (in London) to exert control at long distance. much(prenominal) problems of government and society arose partly from human characteristics that later came to be considered distinctly American a. radical individualization b. disrespect for law and gov ernments c. hostility toward distant, central governments d.Contempt for traditions of rank, privilege, and authority Note how such characteristics were prominent among the causes of the American Revolution, 170 years later, and how those same characteristics win popular praise today. It is also notable that the American environment and its great distance from Europe prohibited the easy transfer to America of Englands a. feudal class structure b. widespread belief in the worth of a noble class and an idle nobility c. upper-class contempt for those in trade or whose jobs required hard, physical labor d. high paygrade of the contemplative, intellectual lifeCustoms of labor, farming, law, and political organization. The travel literature of the 16th and 17th centuries commonly reported incidents in which New World savages were awestruck by examples of European science and technology. When Powhatans followers captured Smith, in December 1607, he was first exhibited before neighboring t ribes. Smiths description of events permits the conclusion that the Indians displayed him as a great trophy because he was a noble warrior (for his brave resistance) and a mighty lead (for his tricks with a compass).Perhaps a better reason for the exhibition before local sub-tribes and their chiefs was revealed in 1845 when a manuscript letter (written in 1608) by Edward Maria Wingfield, former President of the Colony (and Smiths enemy), was discovered and published. Wingfield wrote having him prisoner, they carried him to their neighbors to see if any of them knew him for one of those which had been, some two or three years before us, in a river amongst them northward and had taken away some Indians from them by force. At last they brought him to the great Powhatan (of whom before we had no knowledge) who sent him hometo our town the 8th of January 1608. Pocahontass formal, tribal name was Matoaka. The moniker Pocahontas (meaning playfulone) was given to her by her father, Powh atan. Such nicknames were common among the Native peoples in Virginia. Powhatan himself had the tribal name of Wahunsonacock, the name Powhatan later takenfrom the name of the region in which he ruled. At the time of their adventure, Smith was 28 and Pocahontas 12 or 13. She died in 1617 while on a visit to England, well before any detailed description of her rescue of Smith was published.It is not cognize whether Smith saw Pocahontas while she was in England, and little is known of her true character. In his History of Travel into Virginia Britannia (1612), William Strachey described Pocahontas as a well featured but wanton young daughter, Powhatans daughter, who, sometimes resorting to our fort, of the age then of 11 or 12 years, would stomach the boys forth with her into the market place and made them cartwheel, falling on their hands turning their heels upwards, whom she would follow, and cartwheel so herself, raw as she was, all the fort over.It is interesting to consider wh at qualities in Stracheys wanton young girl and Smiths savior helped make her the first heroine of American myth and folklore. Some points to note a. Pocahontass likeness to ancient mythic heroines, daughters of kings who protect a heroic stranger renounce their native lands and people, even so fail to marry the heroheroines . b. the similarity of Pocahontass experiences to those told in the various medieval romances c.Pocahontass similarity to historical American Indian heroines, such as Sacagawea (who served as guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark) and Malinche (interpreter for Cortes in his conquest of the Aztecs) d. Pocahontass early appearance in literature, first referred to in Ben Jonsons play Staple of intelligence activity (1625) and then the subject of later works, such as (1) The Female American (1767), a novel published in London and described as a second Robinson Crusoe, and (2) The Indian Princess (1808), an American play, the first of many Pocahontas dramas, a nd the first of the vastly popular Indian Plays of the nineteenth-century American stage.

Remember the Titans Essay Example for Free

Remember the Titans EssayA scene in the film of which I thought it was strong was when the new coach takes the players into the woods for a run and they arrive at a sort of cemetery. He tells them ab pop out a lesson from the death they take aim to come together, otherwise they will be destroyed. He tells them whether they uniform each other or not, they should compliments each other. I really like this scene of the movie, first, because I think it takes place in a special surrounding. All the players atomic number 18 exhausted from the running and kind of impressed by the place.Second, I like this part because I like the message and the way the coach tries to create one team out of two groups. The third message I got from the video is the fact that sports brings people together. No matter what race, as friends in a team you can make it work. In the video the white boys and the African-American boys get each their own team with their own rituals. Along the road, their passi on for football and their desire to win brings them together.They combine their habits and the difference in their cultural backgrounds gives them a special feeling of a united group and makes them stronger. in any case in other situations can sports play an important factor, you can see it in the world with for drill the Olympic Games, but also other major sports razets. I think sports can unite individuals from disparate cultural backgrounds because the rules ar the same in every culture and as people are playing, they do not necessarily have to speak the same language.So, if you put the messages all together, I would say that in my opinion the movie is a really good one. After watching it I realized even more that it is about personalities and characters instead of the way people look or the cultural background they are from. Although it can be hard for some individuals to act this way, for example because of pressure from their peers or because the way they are raised. I h ope that for the future that every day more people will realize that it is not about the differences, but about the similarities.

Citizens Rights and Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

Citizens Rights and Responsibilities Es advanceRights and Responsibilities of Citizens In todays society, the responsibilities of the citizens argon to know their decenteousnesss. Citizens be expected to understand the rules that our regime has presented to us, abide by these rules for our own well being and freedom, and serve our communities and regime back. In 1789, the Constitution of the unify States was ratified. M all mess were not pleased with this constitution they felt as though it did not cherish their rights to the fullest extent and wanted to amend the constitution. On December 15, 1791, the Constitution of the unify States was amended and we were given ten amendments, known as The Bill of Rights, to protect our freedoms. The Bill of Rights is a disceptation of the most important rights citizens reserve and time value. The purpose of the bill is to protect against any infringement from the government, so the citizens quarter live in a free nation and draw control over their communities and lives.The first amendment on the Bill of Rights states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise therefore or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the disposal for a redress of grievances. This amendment protects the right to fallow whatever religion unrivalled chooses to and be able to safely practice that religion. The amendment also grants one the freedom to say whatever they want, as long as it does not cause an step up break of danger and chaos.Freedom of the press allows one to write and publish anything bewitch to the community. Freedom of assembly is the individual right to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend unwashed interests at certain times and places. Lastly, to petition the Government for a redress of grievances, this specifically prohibits Congress from abridg ing the right of the people. The second amendment A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. This amendment guarantees a strong, well trained military to protect the United States. This amendment also protects the right to own a firearm and the government cant say otherwise. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. The third amendment states that soldiers are not allowed to be placed and granted access to live in ones home with out the proprietor agreeing to it first.The government may ask the owner, and with permission the soldier may take residency. The forth amendment states The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no strugglerants shall issue, but upon probable cause, support by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. This amendment protects the right of ones possession. any(prenominal) representation of the government is not allowed to go though ones possessions and/or make an entry to ones living milieu with out a warrant that allows such activities then the government may search and take remote personal belongings. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand venire, except in cases arising in the debark or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or blank space, without due surgical operation of law nor shall p rivate property be taken for public use, without just compensation. The fifth amendment give one the right to refuse to answer a question because the response could provide self-incriminating evidence of an illegal organise punished by fines, penalties or forfeiture. It also states that no one is to be denied the right to life, liberty, and property. Ones private property may not be taking by the government and used for the public without a high consent.The sixth amendment of the Bill of Rights states In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a flying and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. This gives everyone convicted of a crime the right to a trial by jury in the district where the crime was committed. In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. The seventh amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civilized trials.The eighth amendment prohibits the government from ebullient bail and from harsh, unlawful punishment. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or ill-use others retained by the people. The ninth amendment addresses rights of the people that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.The last amendment, the one-tenth amendment The powers not delegated to t he United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people restates the Constitutions belief of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states by the Constitution of the United States are reserved to the states or the people. The responsibilities of the citizens are also to vote, attend jury duty and to attend to community participation. select is not only a right, it is a privilege by voting, the people have a verbalize in the government.If one is presented with the task of jury duty, they are expected to take off from work and attend. Jury duty is an important way to participate in government, unique to America and fundamental to preserving our commitment to government by the people. These are all rights for us, the citizens, as a way to retain control of our own lives and communities with out the infringement of the government so the government doesn t have complete control. Work Sited http//www. kids. gov/6_8/6_8_government_rights. shtml http//www. archives. gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript. html

Effects of speech and language difficulties in children Essay Example for Free

Effects of actors line and verbiage difficulties in sisterren Es averSpeech, dialogue and language development ar always at the feel of each and e rattling childs chance uponing as well as the link to some other areas of the childs development. Without these skills in patois, language and communication, a child leave al unrivaled not reach their generous potentials. According to a report by the Charity ICAN, one out of ten children, about triad children in e real classroom have difficulties in communication that may require a succor from a specialist (http//www.i screw.org.uk). With this number of children with communication difficulties, it is very vital to have practitioners who are much versed to escort these kids in language, language and communication skills.It is very evident that on that point is an increasing number of children who are go in the education environment with language and barbarism problems. This quarrel volition highlight some of the pri ncipal(prenominal) causes of language and speech difficulties on with the effects this can have on the other areas of the childs development. It will overly highlight on the major measures to be taken to effectively boost the childrens communication skills.The effects of language and speech difficultiesThere are many factors that can cause difficulties in language and speech in children, these includeChildhood illness- a child with chronic ear infection can have a striation of difficulties in language and speech development. In this infection persist, there will be fluids in the ear and this will impact on the childs hearing. This affects how a child will process the language and hence result in delayed language and speech skills acquisition.Use of bottles and dummies- A prolonged use of bottles and dummies by kids can adversely affect their language, speech and communication skills. Before kids learn to say a word or a sentence, they explore their voices finished producing se veral(predicate) sounds and noises. So, with a prolonged use of bottles and dummies will make the children adapt the sounds of these bottles and they will hence be exploitation their voices less often. The teat from the dummy or bottle can also disrupt the tongue and lips impulsion at the front of the mouth and this leads to a distorted speech.Complications in using the verbal muscles-children communications skills can also be affected by oral motor disorders. A kid with a oral motor disorder will find it very difficult in using their tongue, jaw and lips muscles. This will result in much difficulty in speaking as well as feeding.developmental difficulties- this will affect the kids with Autistic Spectrum because they will find it very difficult to understand verbal or non-verbal skills.Birth difficulties- Dysathria is a condition that affects the muscles that are employ for speech and hence leading to language and speech difficulties. This is mostly caused by changes to the bra in during pregnancy and also at birth.Lack of simulation-kids learns through watching others. They sham language by observing the behavior and actions of the others around them. If the kids do not receive adequate simulation, they will end up having difficulties in communication skills. The literacy runs an initiative that is titled, talk to your baby so as to support early language simulation. They state that, lack of early language stimulation can lead to language delay, and sometimes literacy and learning difficulties that then extend well beyond early literacy development and can be extremely costly or difficult to remedy.Impacts of language, speech and communication skillsLanguage, speech and communication skills are very vital for promoting other areas of learning. A childs with communication difficulties, their overall development will be affected. The impacts of childs language and communication difficulties vary depending on the individual needs of the child along with the severity of these difficulties. The drawing areas could be adversely affected.Play- play is vital for childrens development, structuring their confidence as they learn to think about problems, to explore and also to look up to others. When a child gets older, they start using languages to relate to others in the games. The other children start incorporating rules to the games. For a child to play the game he/she must fol depressive disorder the rules, but if they had difficulties in communication, they will obviously be left out and hence this would lead to low self approve and loss of confidence. This will also affect the childs Personal, Social and unrestrained Development.Friendships- a child with difficulties in communication will find it very difficult in unify with the others and hence their friendship with other children will be much compromised and this will lead to losing a lot from the others.Literacy- difficulty in understanding and processing language can lead to d elays in acquisition of phonetic and reading skills.Adapting the communication methods for these kidsSince contrary children will have varying level of severity, there are different methods that can be employed to individual children to support their problems.Praise the childerens efforts- praising a child on what they have done well will raise the childs self esteem and confidence, hence boosting their participation.Guided activity-Every time you talk with a child with this difficulty, always use a wide-eyed language or phrases.Slow down communication- give the child time to listen, think and work on what has been said. Rushing a child may make them think that they have failed. Children will be more likely to answer questions if they feel comfortable and are given the opportunity to participate.Use of visual aids-this could be a very successful strategy for training children with communication difficulties. In everydays communication, cheeseparing deal actions and gestures coul d support a conversation and also engage a child. Visual aids could be used to help children in understanding the day to day routine and making decisions.ConclusionTo conclude, I would say it would be important for us to adapt the communication methods for the kids that are well suited for them to develop their good language, speech and the overall communication skills.Adaptation paperEffects of speech and language difficulties in childrenThe choices doThe main reason that I chose this topic is because everyone here has come into contact with a child with language, speech or overall communication skills difficulties. So it is very vital for us to understand the difficulties that these kids pass through so that we could be able to help them out of this problem. This is so because we are now the adults that these young ones are looking for help. Hence, it is very vital if we understood these difficulties so that we shall be able to help these children. Through this, I was sure that w e shall understand how the language and speech difficulties can really impact on the young ones overall development. Through this we shall be able to identify the extent of the problem and administer the stovepipe possible solutions.Also, one day we were all kids. We have seen many kids grow and hence through this we distinguish the many requirements of a child in learning and the acquisition of communication skills. So I opinionated to choose on this topic to boost our knowledge on caring for these kids and also to be creditworthy adults. This is a topic that people think that they know everything that should be done but I had to circumnavigate out to come up with facts about it so as to substantiate on what others knew. For instance, on how language, speech and communication will impact on the overall development of the child, one could point out the social, personal and emotional development. This looks at how a child will develop self esteem and confidence and also at how ch ildren make decisions and choices. It is really important to learn the ways in which these communication problems could be modify because a kid with a communication and language difficulty may find it vey difficulty to announce their preference and needs, and this makes it very difficulty to make their own choices and decisions. So the development of acceptable communication skills is very reliant on the help from the adults like most of my audience. Children may refrain from engaging or entering social institutions where they have difficulties in interacting and participating to the fullest this can adversely affect the their social and emotional difficulties. So it is very vital that I could address this issue.Referenceshttp//www.ican.org.ukhttp//www.literacytrust.org.uk/talk_to_your_baby/about(http//media.education.gov.uk/MediaFiles/B/1/5/%7BB15EFF0D-A4DF-4294-93A1-1E1B88C13F68%7DTickell%20review.pdf)http//www.istockphoto.comSource document

Cultural Views on Health Essay Example for Free

Cultural Views on Health EssayHealth beliefs and cultural practices are an essential detonate of todays multicultural society. It is beneficial for medical providers to be aware of the perspectives of distinguishable cultures. Minorities suffer from receiving proper wellness electric charge beca handling of lack of Jobs, no insurance, and their cultural beliefs. A persons cultural background can affect medical intercession and health attending needs he or she may receive. People from different cultures have different beliefs on health care. The two different cultures I chose to discuss are Hispanic American and African American cultural views. I will be discussing the cultural views between Hispanic Americans and African Americans and their views on health care. The majority of Hispanic Americans are Catholics. Religious beliefs and spirituality play important roles in health care of Hispanic cultures in the United States. Mexican American believes health is a gift from divinity fudge and their health problems are a result of Gods will. Some Mexican Americans may not have re consultations for health care and use traditional healings to treat their illness. Hispanics respect their elders and the men within their culture.According to Transcultural nurse (1997-2008), Hispanics are accustomed to the professionalism of social workers, so they rely on their family and close friends for support or help. Curanderos and Santeros are two common healing practices among the Hispanic culture. Curanderos are naturalist healers who use herbs and plant to heal illnesses. Santeros use the power of the saints to heal and counsel. The majority of African Americans are Christians. Many African Americans view religious as an essential part of life. African Americans view God as the source of ood health and a source of serious illness.Many African Americans rely on religion, family, and social connections for support because of the unfairness they have encountered in t he past. Many African Americans think they receive poor health care because of their ethnic background or their race. African Americans may not see a medical provider until this or her medical flesh severe because of economic factors. Many cultures do not believe that organic approach is very helpful. constituent(a) approach may seem impersonal to people who have a traditionally different method of care.Minorities, such as African American and Mexican American, have been dissatisfied with the overall health care services because of the unfair treatment they receive as individuals. The organic approach uses scientific knowledge of germs and diseases to specify out the health of a longanimous by using physical testing, conducting studies and experiments, and keeping detailed patient records. From an organic perspective, a patients cultural beliefs and social practices are not the primary issues of health care. Harmony perspective sees illness as an incident that occurs for differ ent reasons

Finance and Banking Essay Example for Free

Finance and Banking EssayIdentify an experience in which you failed to send a message. As mentioned in the communication process, communication has only succeeded when the information given by the sender has been received and unsounded by the recipient. If the recipient has not unders aliked the information, then this may not necessarily be the recipients fault. Typic whollyy, otiose communications contribute be attributed to one of three things1. A poor message* The message was too short * The message was too long * The message was ambiguous 2. Poor transmission * That the message is universe delivered in a wrong format that the recipient both does not expect and find outs * That the message is beingness delivered when the recipient does not need it, and where the recipient will not expect to find it. 3. Poor response* A lack of awareness * Obstructionism * A lack of understandingA striking example where I failed to communicate a message was my first day as an A-Level b iology teacher at a certain private college. I was lost and found myself tutoring a form 4 row instead of a form 6 class. Some of the teaching staff read, Human monocytes were cultured for 24 h in serum-free AIM-V medium, followed by 24-h maturation by polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (polyIC). Short term cultured, polyIC-maturated DC, far more(prenominal) than immature DC, showed typical mature DC markers and high allogeneic stimulatory capacity and had high autologous stimulatory capacity in an influenza model system using peptide-pulsed DC.Electroporation of template RNA as an Ag-loading strategy in these cells was optimized using mRNA encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Monocytes electroporated with EGFP mRNA, followed by short term, serum-free differentiation to mature DC, had a phenotype of DC, and all showed positive EGFP fluorescence. Influenza matrix protein mRNA-electroporated monocytes cultured serum-free and maturated with polyIC showed high stimulatory capacity in autologous T cell activation experiments. The text content was technically correct, but it was presented to the wrong audience, there was every pass off that the students would not understand it. Such an example is a clear cut illustration of failure to communicate a message.Investigate and discuss the possible forms of intervention that can interfere with the communication process. dialogue folie refers to obstructions on effective communication that influence the interpretation of conveyed messages. While often looked over, communication interference can have a profound impact both on our perception of interactions with others and our analysis of our accept communication proficiency. Forms of communication go include psychological noise, bodily noise, physiological and semantic noise. As postulated by (F. Teague, 2010), Nothing is so simple that it cannot be misunderstood hence all these forms of noise subtly, yet greatly influence our communicatio n with others and are vitally important to anyones skills as a competent communicator. mental noisePsychological noise refers to qualities in us that affect how we communicate and interpret others. For instance, if you are command with a problem, you may be inattentive at a team meeting. Likewise, prejudice and defensive feelings can interfere with communication. Psychological noise results from preconceived notions we bring to conversations, such as racial stereotypes, reputations, biases, and assumptions. When we come into a conversation with ideas about what the other person is going to say and why, we can easily become blind to their original message. Most of the time psychological noise is impossible to free ourselves from, and we must simply distort to recognize that it exists and take those distractions into account when we converse with others.Physical noisePhysical noise is any immaterial or environmental stimulus that distracts us from receiving the intended message sen t by a communicator (Rothwell, 2011). Examples of physical noise include others talking in the background, background music, overly dim or bright lights, junk e-mail and pop-up adverts, extreme temperatures, crowded conditions, a startling noise and acknowledging someone outside of the conversation.Semantic noiseThis is noise caused by the sender, that is, the encoder. This type of noise occurs when grammar or technical language is used that the receiver (the decoder) cannot understand, or cannot understand clearly. Semantic noise exists when words themselves are not mutually understood. Authors sometimes create semantic noise by using jargon or unnecessarily technical language.Physiological noisePhysiological noise is distraction caused by hunger, fatigue, headaches, medication, and other factors that affect how we feel and think.

Early Years Childcare Essay

previous(predicate) stratums barbarianc are EssayIntroduction early(a) eruditeness is, quite an simply, vital for all babyren as it lays the bag for anything that is to come (John Hopkins University, n.d.). Research studies indicate that the flummoxment of active neural path shipway (Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000) in the brain primarily man era place before the age of three and that it is during the early childhood period that the brain is most undefendcap fitting to larn (John Hopkins University, n.d. endorsed by severalize of Victoria, 2010). Therefore, it is small that children in their early years are given opportunities for social, sensual, ruttish and intellectual development by dint of higher(prenominal) quality early years training which in hand provides the potential for not only genteelnessal besides economic and social benefits (Barnett, 2008). The way in which this furnish is facilitated is a mark of how tumesce any nation takes care of its childr en inclusive of their health and unassailablety, their education and socialisation, their corporeal security, their sense of being loved, valued, and included in families and societies (UNICEF, 2007, p. 4 cited in Aldgate in McCauley and Rose, 2010, p. 23). Adults who concupiscence to work with children in this age group open to wear many dissimilar hats in order to facilitate childrens penurys which necessitates their having an understanding of their role and responsibilities with regard to interacting with children (Rose and Rogers, 2012). The aim of this essay is to highlight the most significant elements which demand to be considered in the education, preparation and training of those who privation to work within the field of Early age boorcare.The Early geezerhood Sector Work and Training As early as 2009-10, the Ho social occasion of jet recognised the need for greater rigour in the training of teachers for Early Years age group, stating that standards should be modified in order that this sector was no longer associated with the least skilled part of the childrens men (House of parking area, 2009 -10). These comments concur with the findings of research studies such as that of Sylva et al (2004) which indicated that the quality of the provision provided for children is coextensive with the quality of the adults working in them (Miller, 2010 in Cable et al, 2010, p. 55). As from September 2014, Early Years pedagogue qualifications have been introduced in the United Kingdom in order to meet the Early Years pedagog criteria as set by the discipline College for Teaching and Leadership. This qualification operates at Level 3 (A-level) and alters practitioners to be included in the ratios specified in the Early Years Foundation floor Statutory fabric (National College for Leadership Teaching, 2013, p. 2). This qualification aims to provide learners with opportunities to develop their understanding of how to support and promote childre ns early education and development, to develop skills of planning for effective care which prepares children for school, to utilise assessment effectively, to work with children in a safe environs which safeguards their welfare, to develop effective working suffices and to work in league alongside the key mortal, early(a) colleagues and parents for the benefit of young children (National College for Leadership Teaching, 2013). A similar qualification is the pile up Level 3 sheepskin for the Early Years Workforce (Early Years Educator- QCF) which has been developed for use from September 2014 to provide a high quality qualification that reflects the priorities of practitioners and employers to meet the needs of young children (CACHE, 2011, para 4). Minimum foundation requirements include the arrangement that all entrants to these type of training courses mustiness(prenominal) have GCSEs in English and Mathematics at put C or preceding(prenominal) which should have the effect of raising the overall quality and literacy and numeracy skills of those entering the workforce (Foundation Years, 2014, para 1). Clearly, once qualified, these individuals will work closely with those who have Early Years Teaching qualifications. Those who wish to embark upon gaining Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) must have a minimum standard of a grade C GCSE in English, Maths and a science subject as well as a degree. Candidates for teacher training must also have experience of the school system, over and above having been a pupil themselves most courses stipulate that individuals must have at least 10 age experience prior to embarking upon their training (Department for facts of life, n.d.). Prospective teachers must also pass numeracy and literacy skills tests as part of the cover process (Department for rearing, n.d.a) prior to embarking upon Early Years Initial Teacher Training. There are four ways in which Early Years teacher status can be accredited graduate debut (a one year full-time course), graduate employment-based (a one year part-time course for graduates in Early Years settings who need further experience and/or training to demonstrate Teacher Standards), undergraduate entry (full-time Level 6 qualification in an early childhood related subject in pairing with Early Years Teacher status over a 3 or 4 year period) and assessment only (graduates with significant experience of working within the age range 0 5 over a period of three months) (Gov. UK, n.d.). In addition to this, a clear set of Teachers Standards have been developed by the government in order to ensure that practitioners are accountable for achieving the highest possible standards in their professional practice and conduct (National College for Teaching Leadership, 2013a, p. 2). The rationale behind these newfoundly implemented criteria and renewed emphasis upon seize qualifications is the need to establish an education system which allows children to move from one phase to another seamlessly, as a resolution of the fact that practitioners recognise that learning is a continuum from the Early Years through to Key gift 4 and beyond (National College for Teaching Leadership, 2013a). It is based upon the evidence that 94% of children who attain good levels of development by the age of five progress to achieving their expected reading levels at Key Stage 1 and are statistically five times more likely to fulfill higher levels (Department for grooming, n.d.c). It is clear that these levels of attainment are referable to the increasing impact that graduate practitioners are having on the quality and the delivery of Early Years provision across the United Kingdom (Mathers et al, 2011). Furthermore, Sylva et al (2004) contend that there is a direct coefficient of correlation between practitioners qualifications, the quality of the learning surround and the attainment levels of children in a pre-school learning setting.Learning and exercise In order for practitioners to create quality learning environments, it is essential that they have an understanding of how children learn. Learning is quite difficult to define as it can include the process of persuasion and becoming aware, using idea and creativity, observing, hearing, remembering and problem solving (M solo, 1991 cited in Ostroff, 2012, p. 2). Ostroff (2012) contends that learning is something which is embedded deep in our psyche which is root in the need to assimilate new information through actively exploring the environment. She believes that the process of learning is physical in nature, taking place within the sensory systems which feed information back to the brain in order to dictate an individuals actions. Pollard et al (2008, p. 170) regard it as the mechanism through which knowledge, concepts, skills and attitudes are acquired, understood, applied and extended whilst Pachler and Daly (2011, p. 17) view it as twin processes of coming to know and being able to operate success richly in and across new and ever changing backgrounds and learning spaces, as a process of meaning making that occurs as a payoff of communication and interaction with others. Learning, for children, is the development of their idea processes and knowledge base as a result of adding new concepts and ideas to what they already know (Wood in Anning, Cullen and Fleer, 2004). The heart and soul through which young children achieve this is play. This is an umbrella term (Bruce, 1991) which describes a process of interaction between distinguishable individuals which facilitates the development of infering skills (Dunn, 1993 Meadows, 1993). This is regarded as a social ethnic process that is impacted upon by the context and the environment in which any interaction takes place (Robson, 2006). It is an integral part of childrens development physically, intellectually and emotionally (Elkind, 2008). trick allows children to run across a wealth of first-hand e xperience as a result of the geographic expedition of the environment in which they find themselves and it is the means through which they solve problems and in so doing develop an delay of the world around them (Bruce, 1993 Hurst, 1997 Phillips and Soltis, 1998 Edgington, 2004). Play provides opportunities for children to make discoveries not only close to the world around them but about themselves. Hughes (2006) indicates that there are many different types of play which contribute to childrens development including the use of language, expressive movement, the examination and use of space as well as physical rough and tippytoe play. It is the vehicle through which children learn to be creative and to utilise their imagination through interacting and communicating with others in their group in a variety of different roles (Edgington, 2004). It is through this vehicle that they learn about cultural conventions (Wood and Attfield, 2005) as well as the means through which they ar e able to develop physically as a result of exercising through running around (Manning-Morton and Thorp, 2003). Play also appears to have a authoritative effect upon childrens emotions (Russ, 2004) and it is the mechanism through which they are able to learn about how to program line their own emotions and gain an esteem of the views and impressionings of others (Sayeed and Guerin, 2000). However, learning through play cannot take place unless there is an appreciation and a deep understanding of its purpose and wreak in childrens lives. It is therefore grievous that the thinking which underlies child centred learning is also taught to, and understood by prospective practitioners. The notion that children could create their own till of knowledge was first mooted by Piaget who believed that individual children were young investigators of their world who experimented with their environment in order to gather an appreciation and understanding of it (Moore, 2000). He stated that t here were distinct stages in childrens development (sensorimotor, 0 2 years of age preoperational, 2 6 years of age concrete operational, 7 11 years of age formal operational, 11+) (Jardine, 2006) through which children developed their beliefs and how to express them it also allowed them to hone their lawful thinking as a result of modifying their beliefs and subsequent actions as a result of assimilating new information (Barnes, 1976). Piaget believed that each experience that children undergo is vital to their development which is an opinion shared by Vygotsky. However, it is his contention that learning is a social activity and it is the means through which children develop as a result of learning to communicate with each other using both language and gesture. He believed that children learnt as a result of observing the actions and reactions of others and that through cooperating with individuals within their environment who are more experienced, they are able to achieve a greater degree of learning. The evident gap between that which children are able to achieve alone and with the aid of someone else he called the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It is the function of the practitioner to create an environment in which children learn as a result of individual work and through interacting with those around them in order to develop skills for their future (Brown, 2006).Good Practice The creation of a vibrant, child-centred learning environment is critical in encouraging play and communication, a point which is recognised in the governments breathing literacy and numeracy strategies (Wood, 2004 in Anning, Cullen and Fleer, 2004). The play based curriculum as highlighted in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) documentation (2012, p. 6) as being essential for childrens development, building their confidence as they learn to explore, to think about problems, and relate to others. children should be provided with opportunities to learn through play which they initiate themselves and by engaging with activities entrust or guided by adults. It is critical, in creating any learning environment, that childrens interests and needs are furnished for, inclusive of the different ways individuals learn. The EYFS states that the characteristics of effective teaching and learning are playing and exploring (providing children with opportunities to investigate and to experience different things), active learning (children are motivated to concentrate and be persistent if they enjoy their experiences) and creating and thinking critically (individuals are provided with opportunities to develop their own ideas, make connections between different concepts and to utilise different strategies to do things) (Department for Education, 2012). It is the function of the Early Years practitioner to lead the child in their learning, supporting and helping them as and where appropriate (MacShane, 2007 cited in Allen and Whalley, 2010, p. 4) which is achieved through the planning and resourcing of appropriately challenging learning activities embedded in play (Wheeler and Connor, 2009). It must be understood that it is planning which ensures a continuity of learning (Wood, 2004 in Anning, Cullen and Fleer, 2004) and that the learning environment which is open upon play will lead to individuals having a more rounded educational experience leading to a greater depth of knowledge, understanding and skills (Moyles and Adams, 2001). In order to facilitate the rounded development of individuals, as highlighted by the EYFS, parents must be involved in the educative process so that children have support for their learning in both the home and school environments. The needs of each individual must be discussed with parents in order to create a working partnership (Department for Education, 2012) which can foster united approaches towards teaching and learning to ensure that children are able to maximise their potential. Families can be at involved in a offspring of activities to encourage their childs learning for example, reading with children, teaching nursery rhymes, teaching songs, practising letters and numbers, swig and painting, visiting the library, taking children on day trips and engaging in play with their friends at home (Sylva et al, 2003). If parents are encouraged to take an active role in their childs education they can have the effect of enhancing their childs rate of development and progress (Wheeler and Connor, 2009), can ensure that children are fully aware of their cultural background and can foster a imperious attitudes towards diversity.Inclusion and Cultural sentiency All prospective educators need to be aware of the idea of inclusion and inclusive practice. This involves modelling positive behaviour towards everyone no matter their background, their abilities or their race in order that everyone is seen as being of tinct value. It is critical that every child is provided with equal op portunities to learn about and experience their culture and that they face no barriers to their learning. Furthermore, it is crucial that diversity in all its forms is a matter for celebration (Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education CSIE, 2014). In practice, this necessitates practitioners and schools providing a curriculum that allows complete access for all in order that they are able to experience success to the extent of their capability (Mittler, 2000). It is also equally important that children are taught the skills that enable them to stay on safe and healthy, to achieve everything that they are able, to make a valuable contribution to society and to attain monetary stability in the future (Every Child Matters Green Paper, 2003). Within the EYFS, practitioners are expected to treat every child as being unique, to develop positive relationships with every individual in their care, to create environments which enable them to learn as an individual and as a member of a gro up whilst acknowledging that every person develops and learns at a different rate but still needs to be provided with activities that cater for their needs (Department for Education, 2012).Conclusion Clearly, there are a number of important elements which contribute towards the education, preparation and training of those who wish to become Early Years educators. It is vital that they have an understanding of the importance of this phase of a childs education and the responsibility that is commensurate with working to cater for their needs. Prospective Early Years practitioners must be appropriately qualified and have an appreciation of how children learn. They must develop the ability to plan activities which cater for the needs of every child in their care and an ability to utilise different approaches towards teaching and learning. It is important that they are able to communicate with not only the children in the classroom but also their parents and develop positive working rela tionships with them in order that they feel valued and involved in a partnership towards the education of their child. In the classroom, they must be able to provide support, care and encouragement as well as positive feedback to every child in order that they are able to feel positive about themselves and their learning. It is of the utmost importance that each prospective educator is willing to find out about and cater for the differing cultural needs of those with whom they are dealing and ensure that each individual child and their family feel valued members of the community. They also need to demonstrate the ability to reflect upon their performance, display decision making skills, the ability to be a role model, to lead and support others, instil values within their working environment and work competently to effect change (Whalley et al, 2008 cited in Allen and Whalley, 2010, p. 2). In short, they must demonstrate a willingness to snip an understanding of how children develo p and learn, how practitioners are able to support and enhance that process as well as nurture and cultivate their beliefs about what education should be for children, and how that vision should be supported (Stewart and Pugh, 2007 cited in Allen and Whalley, 2010, p. 4).ReferencesAldgate, J. (2010) Child Well-Being, Child Development and Family Life. in McCauley, C., Rose, W. (Eds) Child Well-Being Understanding Childrens Lives. capital of the United Kingdom Jessica Kingsley Publishers pp. 21 38 Allen, S., Whalley, M. E. 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