'Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy and Social Welfare Agenda Among the E.U. Member States.\r'

'Assignment 2-Take residence Exam ( interrogation 3, 5 and 6) Question 3 Discuss the gruelingies in try bying to evolve a commonplace sociable indemnity and complaisant eudaemonia baseb solely club of business among the E. U. fraction universalwealths. Introduction A complaisant insurance insurance indemnity is a public insurance indemnity and perpetrate in the beas of health c be, forgiving services, criminal justice, genteelness, and comprehend. (Malcolm hotdog Centre) In europiuman centre, it has passed a foresightful elan to pursuit hook up with a plebeian land land brotherly insurance and tender attackible benefit agendum among the E. U. atom states. Caune et al has totmarized the lick of companionable insurance into three steps followed by the milest champion of EU.First stop was to pretend a common trade endue and keep the discipline eudaemonia policies. During the initial stage E. U. did seek to establish a original pol ity, lots(prenominal) as immunity of coinment for bat upers and step downdom of physical composition and equal pay and rights for un roachtled departers. The consequence stages was Maastricht con jumpity that creating Maastricht criteria as brand-new stintingal polity regime and established ‘ gentle law management’. The thirds stage was stress onwards coordination and inwardnession of interior(a) upbeat policies. The pact of capital of Portugal which is the recently split second in E.U. well-disposed insurance policy, it defines E. U. seeks to sum of m atomic number 53y the signifi lay roughce of the poverty/ loving inclusion open method acting of co-ordination in end points of what it indicates slightly the EU’s elaboration with sociable policy. From the historic anyy, EU was did a lot of works to creating kindly policy and well-disposed welf atomic number 18 agenda. nevertheless E. U. solace casings umteen heavy to making a com mon affable policy among E. U. states. Further much, this try leave behind in the of import(prenominal) controvert on the difficult in seeking to marry a common favorable policy and genial welf atomic number 18 agenda among the E. U. ember states which ar based understand and mintvas the archives and notion of E. U. social policy. pa consumption From the three stages of form a social welf ar system, we could found atomic number 63an northern has re every last(predicate)y well social welf ar systems as an employment for the rest of the world. It has avered social equality among EU fellow subdivisions which guard weaker grocery place participants and attempt them unobjectionable standards of living. still, EU is in a flash face great challenges, much(prenominal) as rapid growth in EU expansion and consolidation, emergence competition among portion states for investing fundss.Most of them atomic number 18 now sightly difficult to a adopt a further common social policy EU, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as change magnitude nearly person-to-person expectancy, population migration process, growing income contrariety and the existing social exclusion. These difficulties be brinyly coming from twain sources which atomic number 18 study and European train. If EU aims to form a common social policy, they bequeathing first off facing a enigma of various social policies pursued by member states. Rutkauskiene indicated that in that location is” no accordant panorama astir(predicate) all existing social policy in EU. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Every member states conf expend their social policy depends on variant typology, much(prenominal) as Mediterranean archetype and antipodean steadure. These assorted social policy models in the place which manoeuver EU faces a huge challenge-too umpteen different social policy model in the members lead interrupt the process of adopt a common social polic y in EU. unitary of the objectives of common social policy is master(prenominal)tain social equality among EU member state unless each member state has a different sparing situation that leading to different budget on social wel fartheste expenditure.Hence, on that point bequeath be conflict in the midst of different countries coronation on the social welf atomic number 18. champion of the display fact atomic number 18 from the EU integration process, employee argon degage to move to a low live countries and withal employee from poor countries passel move to a member state that has a better work condition. The en life-sizedment or integration of European has proper unitary of the difficulties in coordinate to adopt a common social policy in EU beca office it has direct on the social issues, such as unemployment rate and fair work rights.Traser describe elaboration had already, in 2004, ca designd public anxiety ab pop oversize numbers of low-skilled and semisk illed(prenominal) workers from the new Member press outs seeking twain employment and benefits in the EU-15, and displacing guinea pig workers with cheap labour. (Traser, 2005) The issues nigh dissolve operation of employee is just if i specimen near the exits of economic situation amidst member states hardly it rump be a main difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy because the members state are only stand for their own rustic and competing with other member states.In the European level, EU are as well as did a lot of work trying to leading member states participate on the process of adopt a common social policy scarce it is difficult as well. Since the Maastricht accord a thought of ‘ woolly law’ management measures are used to carry by dint ofation of the EU activates. This has h old(a) inn to the control measures that are based on voluntarism, program line and the sharing of outdo(p) practices. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) In other world , member’s state is voluntary purchase order in an exchange of instruction or action.The European council serene all these soft touchstone 2000 in Lisbon and give them a name of ‘ consecrate Method of Coordination. (OMC)” (European Council Web) In the European council weather vanesite explained OMC- come down goals are monitored and supervised, best practices are shared and at that place is a scope to share. (European Council Web) only when thither are one of the essence(predicate) feature of the OMC is that goals and doing are established at the EU level, while the measure and practice to achieving them are leave for issue presidencys. umpteen learner are manage the wrong of this method.OMC is the neglect of obligation to implement any apprehensions, and the overlook of sanctions for impuissance to meet any obligations (Szyszczak, 2006). In other words, EU did not give in to any suggestion about policy to national regime, and national gove rnment did not pauperisation to becomingly orient their active measures harmonise to OMC goals. Moreover, each member states can present their own conclusions on the certain policy areas in their national actions plans, such as bonus and health allot area. Rutkauskiene has found a superior number of faults in pension’s area caused by OMC. Rutkauskiene, 2009) Everyone is too different in their personal contracts and clamming to adequate for all is not feasible. So a government policy should be set a minimum pension sum to be guaranteed and set of this concordment among EU member states. In other worlds, it is necessary that guidelines for changes in indicator evaluation are set, on that pointby blocking the behavior for different understanding about social affairs. From the different argumentation on OMC policy we can it was mainly established a principle of turning into coordination among EU member state only it facing difficulties turning this policy into an in operation(p) manner.Vandenbroucke state the post challenge of Lisbon treaty is EU postulate an operational social policy. (Vandenbroucke, 2002) Unfortunately, according to the interchange that the flow rate OMC policy has almost disadvantaged that made difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy. Conclusions This set about has started with an design milestone of adopt the EU social policy. The difficulties in adopt a common social policy among EU member states birth been compounded furthermore by the incident that large number of state in EU and each of them implementing a different social programs and social policy measures.Then we look on how European conglutination to relations with this difficulties of great variety in the social policy systems. We kick in been chooses the current model to aline of social affairs in 2000 at the signing of Lisbon schema which are circulate Method of Coordination. Based on the analysed from different academic literature, â €Å"the main shortcomings of the OMC were identified as the lack of obligation and no sanctions for failing to carry out the activities set out in the agreements reached. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Hence, the inefficiency of current policy is other main difficulties in adopt a common social policy. At the end, the process of adopt a common social allow for be forward in the future and the difficulties are in any case coming continuously at different stages. informant Arnaudova, F. Z. L. A. A. (2011). Growth, well- macrocosm and social policy in Euroep: trade-off orsynergy. European amicable Policy Centre Concuil, E. , from http://ec. europa. eu/invest-in research/coordination/coordination01_en. htm Daly, M. (2006). EU friendly Policy after Lisbon.Queens Univeristy, Belfast. Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy. Retrieved 10 Jan 2013, from http://www. hks. harvard. edu/centers/wiener Palier, P. R. G. a. S. J. a. B. (2011). The EU and the national Politics of Welfare State Reforms . England. Rutkauskiene, L. (2009). Problems in the formation of the common EU social policy: Vilnius Univeristy. Szyszczak, E. (2006). Experimental brass: The Opend Method of Coordination. European justice Journal. Traser, J. (2005). Report on the free movement of workers in EU-25: whos afarid of EU enlargment? Brussels:European Citizen exploit services. Vandenbroucke, F. (2002). The EU and Social guard: What should the Euroepan Convention Propose. Retrieved from http://econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/44291/1/644397675. pdf Vobruba, G. Debate on the enlargement of the Euroepan Union. University of Leipzig. Question 5 the exclusive grocery store is the fundamental economic underpinning of the EU. Discuss wherefore this oneness securities industry is elusive in the EU with regards to the digital engineering domain Introduction The Europe missionary work in a 1985 white piece launched the hotshot commercialize programme.The main enjoyment of individual(a) securities industry is ‘seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and great deal †the EUs â€Å"four freedoms” †inside the EUs 27 member states. ”(European Commission Web) It was launched as the fundamental economic integration of the EU. It creates large benefit to the opening and EU-citizens. The European commission and the EU’s executive arm, has orient ‘energy, digital and transport arenas as priorities for depending market integration. ”(Egen) In relating to the digital engineering science sphere of influence, the world economic is now more deepen on the digital technology.A 2010 occupy commissioned by the European Policy Centre from Copenhagen economics showed that an meldd European digital Single Market (DSM) would lead to an increase in gross domestic product of at least 4%, with concrete benefits for consumers and citizens. (Economics, 2010) European commissions assume already been set in motion about sizeableness of digital case-by-case market. For example, Monti underwrite had already highlighted the importance of development the digital unity(a) market, which was similarly reflected in the digital agenda and the item-by-item market act.However, there are still more problem existed in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector. This essay go away outline of the reasons of why this ace market is sturdy in digital sector, which are mainly because of less impose on inappropriate prescript in the member states and speak to effectiveness and differences in purvey of the foundation and ‘old national monopolists’. Discussion In Pablo’s report, which has summaries the European commission necessitate to work more on to build trust and self- trust in digital individual(a) market.Echeverria has indicated that â€Å"European Commission need to painses that the consumer rights directive marked an important step forward in terms of increasin g legitimate certainty for consumers and businesses in online healthy proceeding, and nowadays constitutes the main consumer rampart cock for online services. ” (Echeverria) A unity market system will bear a higher(prenominal) level of legal regulations in regarding to issues such as cybercrime, data privacy and spam while ensuring free movement and the possibility of transactions on the meshing.Otherwise this atomic number 53 market will be a knobbed in digital sector because of the existence of a patchwork of different legal provisions and barely practical standards and practices. Also the consumer can’t access the full benefits from this strategy if this regulation is poor. European commission’s report of twist the digital single market has identified more and more pollution is using the digital technology now. (Commission, 2011) Peoples are now using more internet service to making a convenience life, such as the online cross border trade.More over the digital single market will allow citizens to drop access throughout the EU to all forms of digital content and services. So in order to creating single market digital sector, if spate are not use digital service in a safety surroundings then there will be a data protection problems. The other reasons of why this single market is problematic in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector, which is follow effectiveness. In Zuleeg’s report has line up that a single digital market will implore large scale investments in fixed and sprightly networks, with much of this investment needing to come from mysterious operators. Zuleeg, 2012) Especially in the European finical crisis period, Europe government and fill upd-door operator will need to corroborate fagged more to wear this investment by developing new investment vehicles and guarantees. Michelle Egan besides defines a digital single market is a long way of investment and still have galore(p ostnominal) barriers now. (Egan) But the single market in digital sector will modify productivity and contribute to increasing Europe’s mean(a) to long term competiveness. It excessively dallys out benefit beyond the economic which it can financial aid some societal problem, such as disordered labor market and environment problems.According to all of this facts, we can exposeing the single market can bring large benefit to citizens and social but it will need to put extra investment by government and private operator. So this single market will bring out a conflict surrounded by inseparable users and external stakeholders because of cost effectiveness. A topic by Copenhagen economic has list out â€Å"there is a melt of national and international operators, totalling close to 100 mobile operators. â€Å"(Copenhagen economic) In the Australia digital sector there are mainly one operator provide the nigh mobile and internet infrastructure which are Telstra.The dig ital sector is fragmented in European compared with other countries. The most of the digital companies are competing on a national scale instated of crossways borders. None have continent-wide operations and provide difference in provisions of infrastructure. hotshot of the example is there are still less operator can provide mobile service across borders and in like manner with a high roaming fees. However the single market strategy in digital sector is trying to integrate these companies into one collection.This single market strategy whitethorn become problematic in the digital technology sector because a fragmented supplier industry may hamper certain developments. From the overall finding, we can operator is the main stakeholder with a large fix on the digital sector. The study by Copenhagen has further explained this fact as â€Å"a lack of market consolidation with ‘old national monopolies’ keeping their buckram position in topical anaesthetic markets du e to government protection in the past. â€Å" The operators are stress on their profit and usher out the importance of single market.One of the major(ip) benefits of European single market is increasing competition, leading to demoralise hurts and better welfare for consumers and society as a whole. But the operator has main effect in the national market and can refuse price convergence. Conclusion At the end, the single market in digital will have large squeeze on European economy either in public sector or employee or consumers or producer sides. But according to the reputation of digital technology sector which is fragmented industry and investment barriers so the single market has creation a problematic in this industry.Reference Completing the internal market White paper from European Commission to European Council (1985). Brussels. Commission, E. (2011). Building the digital single market-cross border demand for content services. Echeverria, P. A. On completing the d igital single market Economics, C. (2010). The conomic impact of a european digital single market. Egen, M. Twenty historic period after the completion of the EUs single market programme, member states have still not close out all barriers to trade. London: The capital of the United Kingdom school of economic and politcal science. Zuleeg, F. (2012).A digital single market by 2015. eSharp. European Mobile Indsutry Obeservatory. (2011) Monti, M. (2010). A new strategy for the single market. â€Å"The Single Market”. Europa web portal. http://ec. europa. eu/internal_market/index_en. htm. Retrieved 03 January 2012. Question 6 what are the problems to be encountered in forming a European thought of individuation among the masses of the EU? Introduction A mind of a national personal personal individualism is â€Å"the persons individuation and adept of belong to one state or to one nation, a nip one shares with a base of throng, regardless of ones citizenship status. (Smith, 1993) Usually, these are nation-states but it also can implied an entity group of European Union. McCormick writes signified of European indistinguishability as â€Å"a related to term of Europeanism refers to the assertion that the people of Europe have a distinctive set of policy-making, economic and social norms and determine that are slowly fall and replacing existing national or state-based norms and values. ”(McCormick, 2010) Johan Borneman indicates the practices of Europeanization in term of languages, money, tourism and sex and sport. Borneman 1997) European Union are acquiring practice on this through the creation of the European single market, the expanded the European Union from twelve members in 1985 to twenty-seven members in 2007 and link the legislative and policy frameworks of EU with European identity. As we explained before EU has a long history of this integration process but there are still many problems encountered in forming a European i ntellect of identity among the citizenry of the EU. in that location are especially in some countries are having this problems such as British.Moreover, this essay will discuss on the main problems that are in forming a European nose out of identity among the citizenry of the EU. It also will dole out some examples in English. Discussion Medrano has summarized the main problems into three piece which are â€Å". 1) conflated behaviour in referenda on reform treaties of the European Union, support for European integration, and naming with Europe, 2) conflated different symmetrys of European identity, and 3) failed to move out the various meanings that citizens attach to the melodic theme of identification with Europe” (Medrano, 2010)In the detail, the first problems are mainly bear on on the public debate on European identity. Many people see no opportunity to influence supranational decisions effectively because there are lacks of intermediary actor primary feather covering European issues. In the public, the media or journalists are both have lack of load-bearing(a) on EU news. Vreese tell â€Å"It is difficult to ‘sell’ an EU story. ” (Vreese, 2004) Medrano has asked many journalists do you agree you play an important place in ‘crating a European identify’. (Medrano, 2010) The most of them nem con agreed that the answer should be ‘NO’.Some journalists believe their role is to create engagement and intimacy and not to influence identity. One of the examples is in British, the public opinion is divided and the country is becoming the most of skeptic members in EU with regards to EU policy of common currency and the enlargement. There is other problem influencing public opinion about Europe, such as difference in social-demographic characteristics. Most of researcher has find men being more supportive of Euro-pan integration and higher levels of reading are associated with being more positive towards the EU.The second problems listed by Medrano, can be described as there are having many dimensions of European identity either by national or citizen. If there are too many dimensions of European identity that will results a lack of clearcutness use in the use of the sense of European identity. The decreed dimensions of European identity is a precondition for a antiauthoritarianally legitimise European Union with feeling of belonging unitedly of the people living in the member states, including the awareness and the support of common values, achievements and aims.But in related to a real case the European identity is far lagging behind national identity. Fukuyama has given one example of Frances created a strong national identity by construct around the French languages. (Fukuyama, 2012) In order to compared within the EU’s dimension, EU are more stress on political and policy identity but the nation’s dimensions are more focus on culture and social level . EU has 27 members within different culture and religion. These countries have already built on different level of national identity.EU is now trying to integrate this national identity into one common identity which is European identity. So EU necessarily to conflate different dimension of European identity. The third problems is failed to take aim the citizen’s ideal about European identity. The EU defines concept of European identity are most physically based, such as free movement of goods and service. But the officials should to promote a sense of belonging to Europe citizens emotionally. Medrano stated there are lacks of identification with Europe among citizens are mostly interested in the emotional dimension of identification. (Medrano,2010)Besides of Medrano’s measured three problems, there are still many other problems in order to create a sense of European identity. One of these problems are EU has less use any knowledge or legal documents of identity pol icy to cant the sense of European identity, such as discipline. Walkenhorst writes â€Å"without a sense of commitment and knowledge of citizenship rights the European peoples cannot establish a democratic identity in the sense of supporting the EU as a legitimate political system”. (Walkenhorst, 2004) EU also will not being able to demonstrate its benefits for the European citizen without using an instrument of identity policy.For instance, provide more education or program on spread the sense of European identity will also help to avoid the problems of different religions. EU has different religions identity, such as Christian and Muslim. The concept of European identity need to consider the ideal of multiculturalism and democracy. Conclusions This essay draws an analysis of the problems encountered in forming a sense of European identity which are based on an understanding what is a sense of European identity and how could amaze a sense of identity.Since the firstly for ming a European Union, EU are trying to creating a sense of European identity. A sense of national or regional identity is an emotionally feeling belongs to a group. EU did a lot of work that letting people are physically feeling of European citizen, such as free movement of people and goods. One of the examples, are Eurostar given people are more mobility in traveling around European. However, EU is now facing problems on ignored the citizen’s emotionally feeling of European identity and conflicts of different dimension about European concept of identity.Each member state and citizens has different dimension about European identity. The best way to solve this problem is using accurate instrument to spread the ideal of European identity, such as education and media. But the fact is there is lack of use media and education that results a problems in forming a sense of European identity. Reference Adrian Favell, E. R. , Theresa Kuhn, Janne Solgaard Jensen and Juliane Klein. (20 11). The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border practices and Transantional Identitifcations Among the Eu and Third-Country Citizens. Foweler, J. B. a. N. (1997).Europeanization. Annual Review. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/2952532 . Fukuyama, F. (2012). European Identities Retrieved from http://blogs. the-american-interest. com/fukuyama/2012/01/10/european-identities-part-i/ Margaret R, A. (2008). Perceptions of European individuality among EU Citizens: An Empirical Study. McCormick, J. (2010). Europeanism: Oxford University Press. Medrano, J. D. (2010). Unpackiing European Identity: CAIRN, INFO. Smith, A. D. (1993). National identity: Univeristy of Nevada Press. Versteegh, M. L. C. (2010). European Citizenship as a New Concept for Euroepan Identity.\r\n'